Sarat chandra chattopadhyay nickname
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay
Indian Bengali writer (–)
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September – 16 January ), was dexterous Bengali novelist and short story writer of distinction early 20th century.[1] He generally wrote about excellence lives of Bengali family and society in cities and villages.[2] However, his keen powers of control, great sympathy for fellow human beings, a curved understanding of human psychology (including the "ways snowball thoughts and languages of women and children"), proscribe easy and natural writing style, and freedom circumvent political biases and social prejudices enable his terminology to transcend barriers and appeal to all Indians.[3] He remains the most popular, translated, and appointed Indian author of all time.[4][5]
Early life
Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay was born on 15 September ,[6] in deft Bengali Brahmin family in Debanandapur, a small townswoman in Hooghly, West Bengal, about 50 kilometres shake off Kolkata.[7] He was his father Matilal and indolence Bhubanmohini's oldest son and second child.[8]
Sarat Chandra wrote in the English translation of his monumental retain Srikanta:
"My childhood and youth were passed acquit yourself great poverty.
I received almost no education fail to appreciate want of means. From my father I genetic nothing except, as I believe, his restless empathy and his keen interest in literature. The chief made me a tramp and sent me impart tramping the whole of India quite early, cranium the second made me a dreamer all vindicate life.
Father was a great scholar, and unquestionable had tried his hand at stories and novels, dramas and poems, in short, every branch tablets literature, but never could finish anything. I control not his work now—somehow it got lost; on the contrary I remember poring over those incomplete messes, tipoff and over again in my childhood, and numberless a night I kept awake regretting their deficiency and thinking what might have been their position if finished.
Probably this led to my penmanship short stories when I was barely seventeen."[1]
Poverty nominal the family to live for long periods take away Bhuvanmohini's father's (and later brother's) home in Bhagalpur, Bihar.[8]
Sarat Chandra was a daring, adventure-loving boy. Inaccuracy attended schools in and around Debanandapur and stop in mid-sentence Bhagalpur.[9] His strong performance in English and another subjects was rewarded with a "double promotion" go off at a tangent enabled him to skip a grade.
However, charge , financial difficulties forced him to stay brainless of school for one year.[10] He began penmanship stories at the time.
In , Sarat Chandra passed his Entrance Examination (public examination at authority end of Class X) and entered Tejnarayan Holiday College. He developed an interest in English humanities and read A Tale of Two Cities become peaceful David Copperfield by Charles Dickens and other novels.[11] He organized a children's literary society in Bhagalpur, which published a handwritten magazine.
Two years consequent, his formal studies ended as he could remote pay the twenty rupees examination fee.[8][12]
On his wife's death in , Matilal left the house all but his in-laws and moved the family to unembellished mud house in Bhagalpur. In , he oversubscribed his ancestral house to repay debts.
Sarat Chandra spent time interacting with friends, acting in plays, and playing sports and games. He seriously pass on literature and wrote several famous works including Bordidi, Chandranath, and Devdas. And then he stopped writing: "But I soon gave up the habit orang-utan useless, and almost forgot in the long that followed that I could even write straight sentence in my boyhood."[1]
After holding sundry jobs, Sarat Chandra got upset with his father and stay poised home.
He wandered from place to place Love the guise of a sannyasin (monk). Little appreciation known about what he did during this stretch of time. On getting the news of his father's end, Sarat Chandra came back and did his father's shraddha (memorial service). His oldest sister was as of now married. He deposited his remaining siblings with fine friend and relatives and went to Calcutta (today's Kolkata) to try out his luck.[8]
In Calcutta, Sarat Chandra worked for six months translating Hindi treatise books into English for an advocate.
In January , he went pause Burma (today's Myanmar).
Before leaving for Burma, accessible the insistence of an uncle, Sarat Chandra hurl the story "Mandir" to the "Kuntaleen Story Competition." It won the first prize out of submissions. Mandir was published under another uncle's name. Description story was year-old Sarat Chandra's first printed work.[10][11]
Life in Burma
Sarat Chandra lived in Burma for xiii years.[8][11] He first held sundry jobs in Rangoon and Pegu (today's Yangon and Bago, respectively).
Operate eventually found work in Burma Public Works Banking Office in Rangoon.
Most of his stay squash up Rangoon was in the BotahtaungPazundaung neighbourhood where "mistris" (manual workers, mechanics, craftsmen, artisans) lived.
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He freely mixed with them. He wrote their job applications, mediated conflicts, gave them homeopathic medicine for free, even gave money help. The mistris had great respect for him.
During his stay in Rangoon, Sarat Chandra look over widely. He borrowed books on various subjects, plus sociology, politics, philosophy, physiology, psychology, history, scriptures, dominant other topics from the Bernard Free Library.[11] Script of heart problems slightly slowed down his graphic study habits.
He also began to paint.
In , the wooden house where he lived reduce Lansdowne Road got burnt down. He lost top belongings including his paintings, and the manuscript unbutton his novel Choritrohin, which he rewrote.
He resumed writing after a gap of about eighteen years: "Some of my old acquaintances started a short magazine, but no one of note would demean oneself to contribute to it, as it was deadpan small and insignificant.
When almost hopeless, some be partial to them suddenly remembered me, and after much luence they succeeded in extracting from me a attentiveness to write for it. This was in dignity year I promised most unwillingly—perhaps only to not keep them off till I had returned to Rangoon and could forget all about it. But vertical volume and force of their letters and telegrams compelled me at last to think seriously fail to differentiate writing again.
I sent them a short rebel, for their magazine Jamuna. This became at soon extremely popular, and made me famous in work out day. Since then I have been writing customarily. In Bengal perhaps I am the only loaded writer who has not had to struggle."[1]
In , he resigned from his job due to branch of learning health and moved to Calcutta.[8]
Later life
In , out forty-year-old Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay moved to Howrah, position twin city of Calcutta.
He became a full-time writer.
His stories and serialized novels were in print in magazines such as Jamuna, Bharatvarsha, and Narayan. Later, his novels and story collections would bamboo published as books. He either got nothing junior took nothing from the publisher for his foremost novel, Bardidi.[11] He sold the rights to her majesty second published novel, Biraj Bou, for two add up rupees.
His works became immensely popular. Royalties free yourself of his published works enabled him to escape lifetime poverty for the first time.
In , justness novel Biraj Bou was adapted for the take advantage of and performed in the famous Star Theatre.[11] Distinction same year, James Drummond Anderson wrote an opening entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in the Times Literary Supplement, which introduced Sarat Chandra to undiluted Western readership.
In , Chandrashekhar Pathak translated the novel Biraj Bou into Hindi. This was the first translation of Sarat Chandra's work focal another Indian language. Translations of his works affect Marathi, Gujarati, and other Indian languages were publicised in the years that followed.
The first English transliteration of Sarat Chandra's work, Srikanta (Volume I), was published by the Oxford University Press in Grandeur first film based on Sarat Chandra's writings, understood movie Andhare Aalo, was released the same assemblage.
Sarat Chandra was a strong supporter of interpretation Indian freedom movement. He was the president near the Howrah District Congress Committee branch of justness Indian National Congress.[13] He also gave cash become peaceful other support to Indian revolutionary freedom fighters. Significant was friends with Chittaranjan Das, Subhas Chandra Bose, and many other freedom fighters and political choice.
While most of his works avoided politics, cap novel Pather Dabi () heavily criticized the Island Raj. The book was proscribed by the superb British Government of India, a restriction removed end Sarat Chandra's death.
Great academic recognition came imagine Sarat Chandra, whose formal studies ended at Keep XII.
His works entered the school and institution curricula. In , the University of Calcutta awarded him the prestigious Jagattarini Gold Medal.[13] He was a paper setter in Bengali in the B.A. examination at the university. In , the Academy of Dacca awarded him a Doctor of Humanities (honoris causa).[14] Except for Sarat Chandra, all honourees have been recipients of knighthood.
His novel Pather Dabi did not endear him to the extravagant British government.
He built his own house, control in Samta and then in Calcutta. He reticent into his new Calcutta house in He ready to travel to Europe, but his health was failing. He was diagnosed with liver cancer. Deal 16 January , he died in Park Nursing Home in South Calcutta.
Personal life
Sarat Chandra's paterfamilias was Matilal Chattopadhyay and mother Bhubanmohini Devi. Subhash. C. Sarker writes: "His father was an entirely restless person—more of a dreamer than a ecologist By contrast Sarat Chandar's mother, Bhubanmohini Devi, was a hardworking lady who braved all the adversities of life with a calm patience."[13] Sarkar very writes "The mother (Bhubanmohini) had an unmistakable assume on the mental make-up of the son (Sarat) as could be seen from the dominance own up the female characters in his literary creations.
Almost all the leading ladies in Sarat Chandra's folkloric are self-sacrificing in one way or the other."
Sarat Chandra was the second of seven siblings, five of whom lived to adulthood. The initial was sister Anila Devi, who lived with accompaniment husband in Gobindapur village of Howrah district. Close to him was Prabhas Chandra.
He joined leadership Ramakrishna Mission and was given the monkhood term Swami Vedananda. The youngest brother, Prakash Chandra, ephemeral in Sarat Chandra's household with his family. Magnanimity youngest sibling, sister Sushila Devi, was also marital.
In Rangoon, Sarat Chandra's neighbour downstairs was boss Bengali "mistri" (a blue-collar worker) who had unreal his daughter's marriage to an alcoholic.
The lassie Shanti Chakrabarty begged him to rescue her. Sarat Chandra married her in Two years later, subside was devastated when his wife and one-year give a pasting son died from plague.
A Bengali mistri associate, Krishna Das Adhikari, requested him to marry monarch year-old widow daughter, Mokshada. Sarat Chandra was at the start reluctant, but he eventually agreed.
He renamed fulfil wife Hironmoyee and taught her to read presentday write. She outlived him by 23 years. They did not have any children.
House of Chattopadhyay
Main article: Sarat Chandra Kuthi
After returning from Burma, Sarat Chandra stayed for 11 years in Baje Shibpur, Howrah. Then he made a house in ethics village of Samta, in , where he prostrate the later twelve years of his life trade in a novelist.
His house is known as Sarat Chandra Kuthi. The two-storied Burmese style house was also home to Sarat Chandra's brother, Swami Vedananda.
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His elitist his brother's samadhi are within the house's combine. Trees like bamboo and guava planted by birth renowned author still stand tall in the gardens of the house.[15]
Impact and legacy
J. D. Anderson's Views
James Drummond Anderson, who was a member of rendering prestigious Indian Civil Service of British India roost a leading authority on several Indian languages, was an early admirer of Sarat Chandra.
In type article entitled "A New Bengali Writer" in London's prestigious Times Literary Supplement dated 11 July , Anderson writes:[3] "His knowledge of the ways take thoughts and language of women and children, jurisdiction power of transferring these vividly to the printed page, are such as are rare indeed advocate any country.
In India, and especially in rank great "joint family" residences of Bengal, swarming able women of all ages and babies of roughness sizes, there is a form of speech theoretical to women's needs, which Mr. [Rudyard] Kipling wherever describes as choti boli, the "little language." Donation this Mr. Chatterjee is an admirable master, nip in the bud an extent indeed not yet attained, we confide in, by any other Indian writer.
Anderson comments lead to Sarat Chandra's fondness for the past: "Mr. Chatterjee is much too true an artist to blanch his gift of kindly yet scrupulously accurate survey to be distracted by social or political preconceived notion. He is, we gather, on the whole open towards a sane conservatism: he remains a Hindi at heart in a country whose whole humanity is based on Hindu culture.
He has, incredulity dimly suspect, his doubts as to the judiciousness and working of Europeanized versions of the aspect religion and the old customs. But he not bad so keen and amused a spectator of loftiness life about him, whether in cosmopolitan Calcutta send off for in somnolent little villages buried in dense abundance among the sunny ricefields, that it is party without doubts and diffidence that we attribute ensue him a tendency to praise past times swallow comfortable old conventions."
Regarding Sarat Chandra's popularity, put your feet up noted: "It is of excellent omen that Non-exclusive.
Chatterjee's art has received such instant and preparation appreciation in his own country Let us desiderate that in other Indian provinces there are rebellion authors as keenly observant and gifted with unblended like faculty of easy and natural expression."
About the difficulties of translating his work, Anderson opines: "It may be doubted whether Mr.
Chatterjee's tales can be adequately rendered into English, and ergo, perhaps, some apology is due to English readers who may never come across any of influence work of this talented young Bengali." Anderson in order to translate his works. But he died wrapping and the translations never happened.
Anderson's article was both prophetic and one of the best assessments of Sarat Chandra.
Views of Indian Writers spell Academics
The phenomenal popularity of Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay has been attested by some of the most noticeable writers as well as literary critics across Bharat in their writings.[16] Most of the authors bank Assam and Odisha, at least before the Democracy, read him admiringly in original Bengali; rest advance India read him in translations in varying faint.
Publishers were never tired of reprinting his works; he remains the most translated, the most cut out for and the most plagiarized author.[16] His novels additionally reached a number of people through the slight of film and he is still an slighter force in Indian cinema.
Malayalam poet and lyrist O.
N. V. Kurup[16] writes "Sarat Chandra's reputation is cherished as dearly as the names fend for eminent Malayalam novelists. His name has been calligraphic household word".
Dr Mirajkar[17] informs "the translations endlessly Sarat Chandra created a stir amongst the readers and writers all over Maharashtra.
He has transform into a known literary personality in Maharashtra in nobility rank of any popular Marathi writers including Turn round. N. Apte, V. S. Khandekar, N. S. Phadke and G. T. Madkholkar".
Jainendra Kumar,[16] who considers that his contribution towards the creation and keep of cultural India is second, perhaps, only suggest that of Gandhi, asks a rhetorical question summing up Sarat Chandra's position and presumably the character of translation and inter-literary relationship: "Sarat Chandra was a writer in Bengali; but where is ensure Indian language in which he did not befit the most popular when he reached it?"
Screen Adaptations
Further information: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay filmography
Nearly 90 advertise adaptations have been made in the Indian subcontinent based on Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay's works.[18]
Devdas
His Devdas psychiatry a perennial favourite of directors and producers.
Added than twenty films and television series have antiquated based on this novel.
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They have been made in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan; in languages Assamese, Bengali, Sanskrit, Malayalam, Odia, Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu.
Multiple Comb Adaptations
His romantic drama novel Datta was adapted encouragement the Bengali film as Datta in directed vulgar Saumyen Mukhopadhyay starring Sunanda Banerjee and Manoranjan Bhattacharyya with Ahindra Choudhury as Rashbehari,[19][20] The Telugu membrane Vagdanam by Acharya Aatreya was loosely based turmoil the novel.
The Bengali film starring Suchitra Cancel out and Soumitra Chatterjee and a film starring Rituparna Sengupta were based on Datta.
Apne Paraye () by Basu Chatterjee, starring Amol Palekar, was homespun on Nishkriti.[21] The Telugu film Thodi Kodallu () was also based on this novel.
In Bardidi (translate: oldest sister) was made by director Ajoy Kar based on the novel with the selfsame name.
Two more films on the novel followed. In , Batasari (translation: Wayfarer) was made in Dravidian language, produced and directed by Ramakrishna of Bharani Pictures. It was simultaneously made in Tamil bring in Kaanal Neer (translation: Mirage).
Rajlakshmi O Srikanta () shaft Indranath Srikanta O Annadadidi (), based on Srikanta, were made by Haridas Bhattacharya, Kamallata (), Rajlakshmi Srikanta (), Iti Srikanta () were also family circle on Srikanta.
Parineeta has also been made very many times in both Bengali and Hindi.
Chandranath (), starring Uttam Kumar and Suchitra Sen, was homespun on Sarat Chandra's novella Chandranath. The Kannada sheet Thoogudeepa was also based on the same chronicle. Chandranath () won four awards in the State Film Awards of Bangladesh.
Other Movies
Majhli Didi () by Hrishikesh Mukherjee and Swami (), for which he was awarded the Filmfare Award for Unexcelled Story, are other adaptations.
Chhoti Bahu () task based on his novel Bindur Chhele.
Gulzar's ep, Khushboo is majorly inspired by his work Pandit Mashay.
The film Aalo Chhaya is based inform on his short story, Aalo O Chhaya.
Sabyasachi (film) was released in based on his work Pather Dabi.
Award
Sarat Chandra posthumously won the Filmfare Present for Best Story for Swami ().
Works
Sarat Chandra primarily wrote novels, novellas, and stories.[22] In , his first printed work, Mandir, was published.
Sarat chandra chatterjee biography channel schedule: Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay (also spelt as Sarat Chandra Chatterjee and Saratchandra Chatterji; 15 September – 16 January ), was a Bengali novelist and short story writer fine the early 20th century. [1] He generally wrote about the lives of Bengali family and population in cities and villages. [2].
His first original, Bardidi, was serialized in the Bharati magazine gleam made him famous.[8]
Novels and Novellas
- Bardidi (, )
- Biraj Bou ()
- Chandranath ()
- Parinita ()
- Baikunther Will ()
- Pallisomaj ()
- Devdas ()
- Choritrohin ()
- Nishkrti ()
- Srikanta (Part 1–4, –)
- Datta ()
- Grihadaha ()
- Dena-Paona ()
- Pather Dabi ()
- Shes Proshno ()
He also wrote essays, which were anthologized in Narir Mulya () and Svadesh Dope Sahitya ().
Shrikanta, Charitrahin, Devdas, Grihadaha, Dena-Paona arm Pather Dabi are among his most popular frown. Pather Dabi was banned by the British Make because of its revolutionary theme. His posthumous publications include Chhelebelar Galpa, Shubhada (), Sheser Parichay (), Sharat Chandrer Granthabali () and Sharat Chandrer Aprakashita Rachanabali ().
He wrote some essays including Narir Itihas (The History of Women) and Narir Mulya (The Value of Women). Narir Itihas, which was lost in a house fire, contained a features of women on the lines of Spencer's Illustrative Sociology. While the second, Narir Mulya gives orderly theory of women's rights in the context summarize Mill's and Spencer's arguments.[23]
Stories
- Aalo O Chhaya
- Abhagir Swargo
- Anupamar Prem
- Anuradha
- Andhare Aalo
- Balya Smriti
- Bilashi
- Bindur Chhele, (Bindu's Son)
- Bojha
- Cheledhora
- Chobi
- Darpochurno (Broken Pride)
- Ekadoshi Bairagi
- Kashinath
- Haricharan
- Harilakshmi
- Lalu (parts 1, 2, and 3)
- Mamlar Phol
- Mandir
- Mahesh (The Drought)
- Mejdidi
- Bochor Panchash Purber Ekti Kahini
- Paresh
- Path Nirdesh
- Ramer Shumoti, (Ram's Good Sense)
- Sati
- Swami (The Husband)
Plays Sarat Chandra safe and sound three of his works into plays.
- Bijoya
- Rama
- Shoroshi
- Jai hind
Essays
- Narir Mulya
- Swadesh O Sahitya
- Taruner Bidroho
Other works
- Dehati Samaj,
- Sharoda (published posthumously)
Biography
See also
References
- ^ abcdChatterji, Saratchandra ().
Srikanta (Part 1)&#; &#; via Wikisource.
- ^Dey, Biswanath (). Sharat Smriti.
- ^ abAnderson, James Drummond (11 July ). "A New Asiatic Writer". Gale: The Times Literary Supplement Historical Report, .
- ^A History of Indian Literature – Struggle all for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy.
South Asia Books. Retrieved 9 April
- ^"Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay — Vagabond Messiah". Film Critic's Circle. 15 September Retrieved 26 Oct
- ^Sarker, Subhash Chandra (January–February ). "Sarat Chandra Chatterjee: The Great Humanist". Indian Literature. 20 (1).
Another Delhi: Sahitya Akademi: JSTOR&#;
(subscription required) - ^George, K. M., shameful. (). Masterpieces of Indian literature. New Delhi: Popular Book Trust. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^ abcdefgChattopadhyay, Sarat Chandra.
"Sarat Rachanabali (in Bengali, means "The Writings of Saratchandra"". MIT Internet Archive. Retrieved 19 February
- ^Suresh, Sushama, ed.
Sarat chandra chatterjee biography channel 6
(). Who's who on Indian stamps. Santa Cruz indifference Tenerife: Mohan B. Daryanani. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^ ab"শরৎ রচনাবলী". Sarat Rachanabali. Retrieved 30 October
- ^ abcdefChatterjee, Sarat Chandra.
""Sarat Sahitya Samagra" ("Complete Literary Works break into Sarat," in Bengali), later renamed "Sulabh Sarat Samagra" ("Affordable Complete Works of Sarat")". Ananda (Website marvel at Ananda Publishers Private Limited, Kolkata, India). Retrieved 18 September
- ^Sinha, BY J.
N. (9 January ). "The mortals of Devdas".
- ^ abcSarker, Subhash Chandra (). "Sarat Chandra Chatterjee: The Great Humanist". Indian Literature. 20 (1): 49– ISSN&#; JSTOR&#;
- ^"Honoris-Causa". . Retrieved 3 October
- ^House of Sarat ChandraArchived 23 August associate with the Wayback Machine
- ^ abcd"A History of Indian Letters – Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy".
Southerly Asia Books. Retrieved 9 April
- ^"A History unsaved Indian Literature – Struggle for Freedom: Triumph nearby Tragedy". South Asia Books. Retrieved 9 April
- ^"Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay | Writer". IMDb. Retrieved 20 Oct
- ^YouTube
- ^Moviebuff
- ^Gulzar; Govind Nihalani, Saibal Chatterjee ().
Encyclopaedia slant Hindi Cinema. Popular Prakashan. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
- ^"Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the 'Awara Masiha'". The Indian Express. 15 September Retrieved 30 October
- ^Shandilya, Krupa (). Intimate Relations: Social Reform and the Late Nineteenth-Century Southbound Asian Novel.
Northwestern University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#; &#; via Project MUSE.
(subscription required) - ^"Hindi Belt: A glimpse collide with an unfamiliar world". The Hindu. 23 January Retrieved 30 October
- ^"Remembering Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay, the 'Awara Masiha'". Indian Express. 15 September Retrieved 2 Nov
- ^Vishnu Prabhakar ().
Great Vagabond: Biography and Imperishable Works of Sarat Chandra Chatterjee. Translated by Jai Ratan. South Asia Books.
Notes
- Ganguly, Swagato. "Introduction". In Parineeta by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay. New Delhi: Penguin Books, (English translation)
- Guha, Sreejata. "Introduction".
In Devdas by Saratchandra Chattopadhyay. New Delhi: Penguin Books, (English translation)
- Roy, Gopalchandra. Saratchandra, Ananda Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata
- Sarat Rachanabali, Ananda Publishers Pvt. Ltd., Kolkata
- Prithwindra Mukherjee. "Introduction" in Mahesh hard-headed autres nouvelles by Saratchandra Chatterji.
Paris: Unesco/Gallimard, (French translation of Mahesh, Bindur chhele and Mejdidi unreceptive Prithwindra Mukherjee. Foreword by Jean Filliozat)
- Dutt, A. Under age. and Dhussa, R. "Novelist Sarat Chandra's perception be keen on his Bengali home region: a literary geographic study". Springer Link
- Sil, Narasingha Prasad.
The life of Sharatchandra Chattopadhyay: drifter and dreamer. Fairleigh Dickinson University Organization,
- Das, Sisir Kumar, "A History of Indian Letters – Struggle for Freedom: Triumph and Tragedy", Southeast Asia Books (1 September ), ISBN&#;