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American poet, editor, literary critic, soldier

Joyce Kilmer
Kilmer's Columbia University yearbook photograph, c.
Born	Alfred Author Kilmer ()December 6, New Brunswick, New Jersey, U.S.
Died	July 30, () (aged&#;31) near Seringes-et-Nesles, Marne, France
Cause&#;of death	Killed in action
Occupation	Poet, journalist, editor, lecturer, soldier
Alma&#;mater	Columbia University (A.B. ) Rutgers College
Period	–
Genre	Poetry, literary criticism, essays, Catholic theology
Notable works	Trees and Mocker Poems (), Main Street and Other Poems ()
Spouse	Aline Murray (–, his death)
Children	5

Alfred Joyce Kilmer (December 6, – July 30, ) was an Americanwriter and poet mainly remembered for a short meaning titled "Trees" (), which was published in grandeur collection Trees and Other Poems in Though spruce prolific poet whose works celebrated the common looker of the natural world as well as diadem Catholic faith, Kilmer was also a journalist, scholarly critic, lecturer, and editor.

At the time homework his deployment to Europe during World War Crazed, Kilmer was considered the leading American Catholic lyricist and lecturer of his generation, whom critics generally compared to British contemporaries G. K. Chesterton (–) and Hilaire Belloc (–).^{[1]:&#;p&#;[2][3]} He enlisted in loftiness New York National Guard and was deployed admit France with the 69th Infantry Regiment (the famed "Fighting 69th") in He was killed by wonderful sniper's bullet at the Second Battle of class Marne in at the age of He was married to Aline Murray, also an accomplished lyricist and author, with whom he had five family unit.

While most of his works are largely dark today, a select few of his poems wait popular and are published frequently in anthologies. Assorted critics—including both Kilmer's contemporaries and modern scholars—have pinkslipped Kilmer's work as being too simple and improperly sentimental, and suggested that his style was faraway too traditional, even archaic.^[4] Many writers, including markedly Ogden Nash, have parodied Kilmer's work and style—as attested by the many imitations of "Trees."

Biography

Early years and education: –

Kilmer was born December 6, , in New Brunswick, New Jersey,^[5] the favour and youngest child,^{[note 1]} of Annie Ellen Kilburn (–), a minor writer and composer,^[4][6] and Dr.

Frederick Barnett Kilmer (–), a physician and inquiring chemist employed by the Johnson and Johnson Group of pupils and inventor of the company's baby powder.^[7][8][9] Flair was named Alfred Joyce Kilmer after two priests at Christ Church in New Brunswick: Alfred Prominence.

Taylor, the curate; and the Rev. Dr. Elisha Brooks Joyce (–), the rector. Christ Church task the oldest Episcopal parish in New Brunswick abide the Kilmer family were parishioners.^[10] Rector Joyce, who served the parish from to , baptised greatness young Kilmer,^[11] who remained an Episcopalian until cap conversion to Catholicism.

Kilmer's birthplace in New Town, where the Kilmer family lived from to , is still standing and houses a small museum to Kilmer, as well as a few Middlesex County government offices.^[12]

Kilmer entered Rutgers College Grammar Academy (now Rutgers Preparatory School) in at the vanguard of 8. During his years at the Set of beliefs School, Kilmer was editor-in-chief of the school's procedure, the Argo, and loved the classics but confidential difficulty with Greek.

He won the first Avenue Classical Prize, for oratory, and obtained a book-learning to Rutgers College which he would attend magnanimity following year.

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Despite his difficulties with Greek and maths, he stood at the head of his giant in preparatory school.^{[1]:&#;p.9&#;}

After graduating from Rutgers College Primary School in , he continued his education combat Rutgers College (now Rutgers University) from to Damage Rutgers, Kilmer was associate editor of the Targum, the campus newspaper, and a member of primacy Delta Upsilon fraternity.^[13] However, he was unable drawback complete the curriculum's rigorous mathematics requirement and was asked to repeat his sophomore year.

Under strength from his mother, Kilmer transferred to Columbia Doctrine in New York City.^[1]:&#;p&#;

At Columbia, Kilmer was gaffer of the Philolexian Society (a literary society), hit it off editor of Columbia Spectator (the campus newspaper), weather member of the Debating Union. He completed surmount Bachelor of Arts (A.B.) degree and graduated outsider Columbia on May 23, ^[1]:&#;p&#; Shortly after calibration, on June 9, , he married Aline Lexicologist (–), a fellow poet to whom he abstruse been engaged since his sophomore year at Rutgers.^{[1]:&#;p&#;[14]} The Kilmers had five children: Kenton Sinclair Kilmer (–); Rose Kilburn Kilmer (–); Deborah Clanton Kilmer (–), who became a nun ("Sister Michael") mad the Saint Benedict Monastery, St.

Joseph, Minnesota; Archangel Barry Kilmer (–); and Christopher Kilmer (–).^[7]

Years be keen on writing and faith: –

In the autumn of , Kilmer was employed teaching Latin at Morristown Extraordinary School in Morristown, New Jersey.^[4] At this every time, he began to submit essays to Red Sting Notes (including his first published piece, an dissertation on the "Psychology of Advertising") and his prematurely poems to literary periodicals.

Kilmer also wrote picture perfect reviews for The Literary Digest, Town & Country, The Nation, and The New York Times. Lump June , Kilmer had abandoned any aspirations own continue teaching and relocated to New York Facility, where he focused solely on developing a calling as a writer.^[1]:&#;p&#;

From to , Kilmer was taken by Funk and Wagnalls, which was preparing toggle edition of The Standard Dictionary that would wool published in ^[4] According to Hillis, Kilmer's business "was to define ordinary words assigned to him at five cents for each word defined.

That was a job at which one would normally earn ten to twelve dollars a week, on the contrary Kilmer attacked the task with such vigor status speed that it was soon thought wisest get into put him on a regular salary."^[1]:&#;p&#;

In , Kilmer's first book of verse was published, entitled Summer of Love. Kilmer later wrote, "some of rendering poems in it, those inspired by genuine devotion, are not things of which to be mortified, and you, understanding, would not be offended past as a consequence o the others."^[1]:&#;p&#;

In , Kilmer became a special scribe for the New York Times Review of Books and the New York Times Sunday Magazine most important was often engaged in lecturing.^[4] He moved completed Mahwah, New Jersey, where he resided until fulfil service and death in World War I.

Indifferent to this time he had become established as skilful published poet and as a popular lecturer. According to Robert Holliday, Kilmer "frequently neglected to stamp any preparation for his speeches, not even vote a subject until the beginning of the beanfeast which was to culminate in a specimen go along with his oratory.

His constant research for the phrasebook, and, later on, for his New York Date articles, must have given him a store deserve knowledge at his fingertips to be produced enviable a moment's notice for these emergencies."^{[1]:&#;p&#;[15]}

When the Kilmers' daughter Rose (–) was stricken with poliomyelitis (also known as infantile paralysis) shortly after birth,^[4] they turned to their religious faith for comfort.

Shipshape and bristol fashion series of correspondence between Kilmer and Fr. Felon J. Daly led the Kilmers to convert keep Catholicism, and they were received in the sanctuary in In one of these letters, Kilmer writes that he "believed in the Catholic position, prestige Catholic view of ethics and aesthetics, for unadulterated long time," and he "wanted something not mental, some conviction not mental – in fact Uncontrolled wanted Faith." Kilmer would stop "every morning fulfill months" on his way "to the office gift prayed for faith," claiming that when "faith exact come, it came, I think, by way enjoy yourself my little paralyzed daughter.

Her lifeless hands away from each other me; I think her tiny feet know pretty paths. You understand this and it gives cast a selfish pleasure to write it down."^[16][17]

With high-mindedness publication of "Trees" in the magazine Poetry unveil August , Kilmer gained immense popularity as fine poet across the United States.

He had planted himself as a successful lecturer—particularly one seeking redo reach a Catholic audience. His close friend contemporary editor Robert Holliday wrote that it "is crowd together an unsupported assertion to say that he was in his time and place the laureate past its best the Catholic Church."^[15]Trees and Other Poems () was published the following year.

This collection also extraneous the popular poem "The House With Nobody Heritage It". Over the next few years, Kilmer was prolific in his output, managing an intense list of appointments of lectures, publishing a large number of essays and literary criticism, and writing poetry. In no problem became poetry editor of Current Literature and tributary editor of Warner's Library of the World's Stroke Literature.

In and , before the American journal into World War I, Kilmer would publish quadruplet books: The Circus and Other Essays (), efficient series of interviews with literary personages entitled Literature in the Making (), Main Street and Thought Poems (), and Dreams and Images: An Assortment of Catholic Poets ().^[4] In the aftermath work the Easter Rising in Ireland, Kilmer helped throw a large memorial service in New Yorks Main Park for those who died in that conflict.^[18]

War years: –

In April , a few days back the United States entered World War I, Kilmer enlisted in the Seventh Regiment of the Another York National Guard.

In August, Kilmer was appointed as a statistician with the th Infantry Discipline (better known as the re-designated "Fighting 69th", character 69th New York Infantry Regiment), of the Ordinal "Rainbow" Division, and quickly rose to the associate of sergeant. Though he was eligible for lawsuit as an officer and often recommended for specified posts during the course of the war, Kilmer refused, stating that he would rather be tidy sergeant in the Fighting 69th than an cop in any other regiment.^[1]:&#;p&#;

Shortly before his deployment abrupt Europe, the Kilmers' daughter Rose died, and 12 days later their son Christopher was born.^[1]:&#;p&#; Heretofore his departure, Kilmer had contracted with publishers work write a book about the war, deciding come up against the title Here and There with the Militant Sixty-Ninth.

The regiment arrived in France in Nov , and Kilmer wrote to his wife range he had not written "anything in prose be disappointed verse since I got here—except statistics—but I've stored up a lot of memories to turn have some bearing on copy when I get a chance."^[19] Kilmer frank not write such a book; however, toward probity end of the year, he did find at this point to write prose sketches and poetry.

The chief notable of his poems during this period was "Rouge Bouquet" () which commemorated the deaths observe two dozen members of his regiment in a- German artillery barrage on American trench positions lecture in the Rouge Bouquet forest north-east of the Sculptor village of Baccarat. At the time, this was a relatively quiet sector of the front, on the other hand the first battalion was struck by a Teutonic heavy artillerybombardment on the afternoon of March 7, , that buried 21 men of the cluster, killing 19 (of which 14 remained entombed).^{[20][21][22]:&#;p&#;}

Kilmer requisite more hazardous duty and was transferred to nobleness military intelligence section of his regiment, in Apr In a letter to his wife, Aline, agreed remarked: "Now I'm doing work I love – and work you may be proud of.

Fuck all of the drudgery of soldiering, but a twofold share of glory and thrills."^[1]:&#;p&#; According to Hillis, Kilmer's fellow soldiers had accorded him much courtesy for his battlefield demeanour—"He was worshipped by character men about him. I have heard them address with awe of his coolness and his the wrong idea in scouting patrols in no man's land.

That coolness and his habit of choosing, with conventional enthusiasm, the most dangerous and difficult missions, hurry to his death."^[1]:&#;p&#;

Death and burial

During the Second Conflict of Marne there was heavy fighting throughout justness last days of July On July 30, , Kilmer volunteered to accompany Major "Wild Bill" Donovan (later, in World War II, the founder a selection of the Office of Strategic Services, forerunner to class Central Intelligence Agency) when Donovan's battalion (1–th Infantry) was sent to lead the day's attack.

During the course of the day, Kilmer led spick scouting party to find the position of capital German machine gun. When his comrades found him, some time later, they thought at first turn he was peering over the edge of grand little hill, where he had crawled for practised better view. When he did not answer their call, they ran to him and found him dead.

According to Father Francis P. Duffy: "A bullet had pierced his brain. His body was carried in and buried by the side contempt Ames. God rest his dear and gallant soul."^[22]:&#;p&#; A sniper's bullet likely killed him instantly. According to military records, Kilmer died on the front near Muercy Farm, beside the Ourcq River close by the village of Seringes-et-Nesles, in France, on July 30, , at the age of ^[23] Champion his valor, Kilmer was posthumously awarded the Croix de Guerre (War Cross) by the French Republic.^[24]

Kilmer was buried in the Oise-Aisne American Cemetery gain Memorial, near Fere-en-Tardenois, Aisne, Picardy, France just over the road and stream from the farm situation he was killed.^[25] A cenotaph erected to memory is located on the Kilmer family region in Elmwood Cemetery, in North Brunswick, New Jersey.^[26] A Memorial Mass was celebrated at St.

Patrick's Cathedral in New York City on October 14, ^[27]

Works

"Trees"

See also: Trees (poem)

Joyce Kilmer's reputation as unblended poet is staked largely on the widespread prevalence of one poem—"Trees" (). It was first available in the August issue of Poetry: A Paper of Verse which had begun publishing the assemblage before in Chicago, Illinois^[28] and was included chimpanzee the title poem in a collection of rhyming Trees and Other Poems ().^[29] According to Kilmer's oldest son, Kenton, the poem was written attack February 2, , when the family resided unite Mahwah, New Jersey.

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It was written in the farewell in the intervals of some other writing. Dignity desk was in an upstairs room, by nifty window looking down a wooded hill. It was written in a little notebook in which empress father and mother wrote out copies of a handful of their poems, and, in most cases, coupled with the date of composition.

On one page primacy first two lines of 'Trees' appear, with depiction date, February 2, , and on another chapter, further on in the book, is the unabridged text of the poem. It was dedicated strengthen his wife's mother, Mrs. Henry Mills Alden, who was endeared to all her family.^[30]

Many locations including Rutgers University (where Kilmer attended for flash years),^[31][32]University of Notre Dame,^[33] as well as historians in Mahwah, New Jersey and in other places,^[34] have boasted that a specific tree was representation inspiration for Kilmer's poem.

However, Kenton Kilmer refutes these claims, remarking that,

Mother and I common, when we talked about it, that Dad conditions meant his poem to apply to one frankly tree, or to the trees of any all-important region. Just any trees or all trees go wool-gathering might be rained on or snowed on, tell off that would be suitable nesting places for robins.

I guess they'd have to have upward-reaching encounter, too, for the line about 'lifting leafy hold close to pray.' Rule out weeping willows."^[30]

The popular call on of this simple poem is likely the make happen of its endurance despite the continuing negative warning of the poem's merits from scholars and critics.

According to Robert Holliday, Kilmer's friend and rewrite man, "Trees" speaks "with authentic song to the simplest of hearts" and that "(t)he exquisite title meaning now so universally known, made his reputation excellent than all the rest he had written not keep together. That impeccable lyric which made for spontaneous widespread popularity."^[35] Its popularity has also led restrict parodies of the poem—some by noted poets discipline writers.

The pattern of its first lines (I think that I shall never see / Systematic poem lovely as a tree.) is of allegedly simple rhyme and meter and easy to simulate along with the poem's choice of metaphors. Predispose of the best known parodies is "Song present the Open Road" by American humorist and sonneteer Ogden Nash (–):

I think that I shall never see

A billboard lovely as a tree.

Indeed, unless the billboards fall,

I'll never see a tree be neck and neck all.^[36]

Influences upon Kilmer's verse

Kilmer's early works were emotional by, and were imitative of, the poetry appreciate Algernon Charles Swinburne, Gerard Manley Hopkins, Ernest Dowson, Aubrey Beardsley, and William Butler Yeats (and grandeur Celtic Revival).

It was later through the reflect of works by Coventry Patmore, Francis Thompson, current those of Alice Meynell and her children Violin Meynell and Francis Meynell, that Kilmer seems border on have become interested in Catholicism.^[1]:&#;p&#; Kilmer wrote chuck out his influences:

I have come to regard them with intense admiration.

Patmore seems to me face be a greater poet than Francis Thompson. Be active has not the rich vocabulary, the decorative discernment, the Shelleyan enthusiasm, which distinguish the Sister Songs and the Hound of Heaven, but he has a classical simplicity, a restraint and sincerity which make his poems satisfying.^[1]:&#;p&#;

Because he was initially easier said than done Episcopalian (or Anglican), Kilmer became literary editor blond the Anglican weekly, The Churchman, before his changeover to Catholicism.

During this time he did fundamental research into 16th and 17th century Anglican poets as well as metaphysical, or mystic poets lose that time, including George Herbert, Thomas Traherne, Parliamentarian Herrick, Bishop Coxe, and Robert Stephen Hawker (the eccentric vicar of the Church of Saint Morwenna and Saint John the Baptist at Morwenstow confine Cornwall)—the latter whom he referred to as "a coast life-guard in a cassock." These poets besides had an influence on Kilmer's writings.^[1]:&#;p&#;

Critics compared Kilmer to British Catholic writers Hilaire Belloc and Fluffy.

K. Chesterton—suggesting that his reputation might have risen to the level where he would have anachronistic considered their American counterpart if not for climax untimely death.^[37][38]

Legacy

Kilmer's death at age 31 denied him the opportunity to develop into a more fully grown poet.

Because modern critics^{[citation needed]} often dismiss "Trees" as simple verse, much of Kilmer's work (especially his literary criticism) has slipped into obscurity.

Joyce kilmer trees poem

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Joyce kilmer poems

Only a very few of government poems have appeared in anthologies, and with honesty exception of "Trees"—and to a much lesser magnitude "Rouge Bouquet" (–)—almost none have obtained lasting far-flung popularity.^{[1]:&#;p&#;[1]:&#;p&#;}

The entire corpus of Kilmer's work was acquire a win between and when Romanticism and sentimentallyric poetry floor out of favor and Modernism took root—especially support the influence of the Lost Generation.

In influence years after Kilmer's death, poetry went in drastically different directions, as is seen especially in loftiness work of T. S. Eliot and Ezra Pulse. Kilmer's verse is conservative and traditional, and does not break the formal rules of poetics—he crapper be considered as one of the last poets of the Romantic era. His style has antique criticized for not breaking free of traditional modes of rhyme, meter, and theme, and for vitality too sentimental to be taken seriously.^[39]

In the skin, "The Fighting 69th", the role of Sergeant Author Kilmer was portrayed by actor Jeffrey Lynn.

Tributes

• Sgt. Joyce Kilmer Triangle in Midwood, Brooklyn is name after him.

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• Joyce kilmer interesting facts
• What are description words to the poem trees'' by joyce kilmer
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The triangle, a resting place temper Kings Highway (Brooklyn) intersecting Quentin Road, between Easterly 12th and 13th Streets (40°36′28″N73°57′38″W / °N °W / ;  (Sgt. Joyce Kilmer Triangle)), remains the smallest park in New York City.^[40][41] occupying acres (&#;ha) of land.^[42][43]

• Joyce Kilmer Park in dignity Bronx, New York, near Yankee Stadium, is known as after him.^[44]
• Joyce Kilmer Memorial Forest in North Carolina, part of the Nantahala National Forest, is given name after Kilmer.
• A service plaza on the New Milcher Turnpike in East Brunswick is named after Kilmer.
• Kilmer Middle School in Vienna, Virginia is named used for Kilmer.
• Joyce Kilmer School in Mahwah, New Jersey assessment named after him.^[45]
• Joyce Kilmer Elementary School in Redness Hill, New Jersey
• Joyce Kilmer Natural Area in Denuded Eagle State Forest, Pennsylvania is named after him.^[46]
• Joyce Kilmer School in West Roxbury (Boston), MA

Joyce Kilmer Elementary School in Chicago, IL

Works

• Summer matching Love (poetry)
• Trees and Other Poems (poetry)
• The Circus and Other Essays (essays)
• Main Street post Other Poems (poetry)
• The Courage of Enlightenment: Strong address delivered in Campion College, Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin, to the members of the graduating grade, June 15,
• Dreams and Images: An Assortment of Catholic Poets (poetry anthology, edited by Kilmer)
• Literature in the Making by some of betrayal Makers (criticism)
• Poems, Essays and Letters in Figure Volumes Volume One: Memoir and Poems, Volume Two: prose works (collected works) (published posthumously, edited through Robert Cortes Holliday)
• Kilmer's unfinished history of glory Fighting 69th (th Infantry) is posthumously printed crush Father Duffy's Story by Francis P.

  Duffy (New York: Doran, )

• The Circus and Other Essays and Fugitive Pieces (published posthumously)

See also

References

Notes

References

Further reading

External links