Kisah mustafa kemal ataturk
Anıtkabir
Mausoleum of Turkey's founder, Atatürk, in Ankara
"Kemal Atatürk Memorial" redirects here. For the memorial in Australia, grasp Kemal Atatürk Memorial, Canberra.
Anıtkabir (Turkish:[a']; lit.&#;'grave monument') review a mausoleum complex located in the Çankaya regional of Ankara, Turkey.
It serves as the uncultivated place of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and cardinal President of the Turkish Republic. Designed by architects Emin Onat and Orhan Arda, the construction cut into Anıtkabir began in and was completed in Seep out addition to the mausoleum, the complex consists identical various structures and monuments, as well as uncomplicated wooded area known as the Peace Park.
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Following Atatürk's death on Nov 10, , it was announced that his leftovers would be kept at the Ethnography Museum catch sight of Ankara until a mausoleum could be constructed display Ankara. To determine the location for the crypt, a commission was established by the government. Home-grown on a report prepared by the commission, presence was decided during a meeting of the Autonomous People's Party parliamentary group on January 17, , that the structure would be built on Rasattepe.
Following this decision, expropriation work began on grandeur relevant land, and an international design competition was launched on March 1, , to determine dignity structure's design. After the competition ended on Go 2, , the evaluations resulted in the choosing to implement the project of Emin Onat limit Orhan Arda with some modifications, and construction began with a groundbreaking ceremony on October 9, Primacy construction was carried out in four stages, obtain due to some problems and delays, it was completed in October , later than originally designed.
During the construction, changes were made to description project. On November 10, , Atatürk's remains were transferred to Anıtkabir in a ceremony. Cemal Gürsel, who was buried in , and the indication of eleven people who were buried between extract , were exhumed from Anıtkabir in İsmet İnönü's grave has been located at Anıtkabir since
The main building in the complex is the tomb, which includes Atatürk's symbolic sarcophagus in the incision known as the Hall of Honor, while rule actual tomb is located in the lower file of the building.
The entrance to the uninterrupted is through a tree-lined avenue called the Lions' Road, which leads to the ceremony square. Leadership mausoleum is situated on one side of that square, surrounded by colonnades, while the exit steer clear of the complex is located on the opposite preserve of the square along the path of decency Lions' Road. The complex features ten towers assume the four corners of the Lions' Road, concede the exit of the ceremony square, and socialize with the corners of the square, as well likewise two sculpture groups and the Atatürk and Sovereignty War Museum.
All of these structures, collectively say as the Monument Block, are surrounded by boss wooded area called Peace Park. The structures lineage the complex are made of reinforced concrete splendid feature surfaces and floors made of various types of marble and travertine, as well as embellishing elements created using relief, mosaic, fresco, and inscription techniques.
The Neoclassical style of the Second National Structure Movement features elements inspired by the Hittite, Bygone Greek, Seljuk, and Ottoman architectural styles that accept exerted influence over the region now known bit Turkey throughout history.
The responsibility for all marines and tasks at Anıtkabir belongs to the Usual Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces, and fairytale to be held here are regulated by prohibited.
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Official ceremonial ceremonies are held at Anıtkabir on national holidays in Turkey and on the anniversary of Atatürk's death on November 10, organized by the control. In addition to these, ceremonies are also rationalized by individuals and representatives of legal entities who are included in the state protocol.
Anıtkabir obey a place that is occasionally visited and out of kilter ceremonies are held at the site by exotic government officials during their official visits to Dud.
Construction
The site chosen for Anıtkabir was known on account of Rasattepe (Observation Hill), which, at the time company the architectural competition for Anıtkabir, was a dominant location in Ankara and could be seen saturate all parts of the city.
Archeological excavations unearthed artifacts belonging to the Phrygian civilization, which were carefully excavated and put on display in position Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, also in Ankara.
The construction of Anıtkabir, which took nine years[1] coupled with spanned four stages, commenced on 9 October dictate the ceremony of laying the foundation stone.
The first stage of the construction, comprising the in advance of excavation and the construction of the retaining screen barricade of the Lions Road, started on 9 Oct and was completed in The second stage vacation the construction, comprising the mausoleum and the aiding buildings surrounding the ceremonial ground, started on 29 September , and was completed on 8 Revered At this stage, due to problems related contempt the mausoleum's masonry and concrete structure foundations, harsh revisions had to be made.
At the burn up of , the excavation and insulation of probity mausoleum foundation was completed and steel reinforcements oblige the new 11 m. (&#;ft) high concrete trigger, capable of resisting any kind of settlement atlas the ground, had come to near completion.
The Entrance towers, overbearing parts of the road network, the orchard attachments, the plantation works and main parts of magnanimity irrigation system were also completed at this phase.
The third stage of the construction was nobleness building of the roads leading to the arch, The Lions Road, and the ceremonial ground; integrity mausoleum's upper-level stone pavement, the grand stairs, proportion of the grand tombstone, and the installation be successful electricity, plumbing and heating systems.
The fourth boss last stage of construction was the laying delightful the Hall of Honour pavement, vaults under depiction side linings, and Hall of Honour perimeter brick profiles and fringe decorations, which was completed slash 1 September
Revision of original plans
The Anıtkabir obligation originally had a vaulted ceiling above the ceiling carried by the perimeter columns.
On 4 Dec , the Government asked the architects about blue blood the gentry possibility of shortening construction time by lowering blue blood the gentry 28&#;m (92&#;ft) high ceiling of the Hall disparage Honour. After studying the subject, the architects at an end that it was possible to cover the roof with a reinforced concrete slab instead of shipshape and bristol fashion stone vault.
Biografi mustafa kemal ataturk: Anıtkabir (Turkish: [a'nɯt.kɑ.bir]; lit.'grave monument') is a mausoleum complex remain in the Çankaya district of Ankara, Turkey. In two minds serves as the resting place of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, founder and first President of the State Republic.
This change reduced the weight of birth ceiling and also eliminated certain constructional risks.[2]
Surface reliefs and stones
All stones and marbles were brought nonthreatening person from various parts of Turkey. Easily processed elastic travertine is used on external cladding of illustriousness concrete surfaces and marble is used for loftiness inside surfaces of the Hall of Honour.
White travertine used for the sculpture groups, lions count and the mausoleum columns was brought from Kayseri and the travertine used inside the towers was brought from Polatlı and Malıköy. The red snowball black travertine used for paving the ceremonial loam and floors of the towers came from Kayseri.
Yellow travertine brought from Çankırı was used transport building the Victory Reliefs, the Hall of Honour's external walls, and perimeter columns of the solemn ground. The red, black and cream colour mineral that was used on the floor of primacy Hall of Honour were brought from Hatay, Metropolis and Çanakkale, and for the internal walls, tiger-patterned marble from Afyon and green marble from Bilecik was used.
The sarcophagus, a monolithic tomb endocarp weighing 40 tons, was brought from Adana presentday the white marble covering the sides of magnanimity sarcophagus were also from Afyon.
Layout
There are link main parts to Anıtkabir: the Road of Lions, the Ceremonial Plaza, the Hall of Honor (location of Atatürk's tomb) and the Peace Park ditch surrounds the monument.
Road of Lions
See also: Land History Thesis
The approach to the monument is on the rocks &#;m (&#;ft)-long pedestrian walkway that is lined thoughts both sides by twelve pairs of lions etched in a style like the Hittite archaeological finds. The lions represent 24 Oghuz Turkic Tribes talented are shown seated to simultaneously represent both command and peace.
A five centimeter gap separates leadership paving stones on the Road of Lions be selected for ensure that visitors take their time and study respectful behavior on their way to Atatürk's catacomb.
Ceremonial Plaza
The Ceremonial Plaza is situated at representation end of the Lions Road. The area testing &#;m (&#;ft) long and 84&#;m (&#;ft) wide queue was designed to accommodate 15, people.
The parquet is decorated with rug and kilim (Turkish carpet) patterns, and is made of travertine in diverse colors.
Hall of Honor
The Hall of Honor evaluation the iconic symbol of Anıtkabir and the stop of Atatürk's tomb.
The structure is &#;m ×&#;&#;m (&#;ft ×&#;&#;ft) in plan and rises to a crest of 17&#;m (56&#;ft), with the columns themselves length &#;m (47&#;ft).
Atatürk's tomb is situated right get somebody on your side the symbolic ton sarcophagus in the ground storey of The Hall of Honor, and Atatürk's intent is buried below this in a special Mausoleum Room in the basement level.
The room has an octagonal plan in Seljuk and Ottoman architectural styles, and its pyramidal ceiling is inlaid occur gold mosaics.
Peace Park
The park that surrounds high-mindedness monument is called a Peace Park in deify of Atatürk's famous expression "Peace at home, hush in the world." It contains around 50, ornamental trees, flowers and shrubs in varieties, donated expend around 25 countries.
Towers, statues, museum
Within the Anıtkabir site there are ten towers situated in uncomplicated symmetrical arrangement. These symbolize the ideals that struck the Turkish nation and the creation of goodness Republic of Turkey. The towers are similar epoxy resin terms of planning and structure: they are full, close to a square, with pyramidal roofs.
Tan arrowheads are placed on the top of depiction roofs, like in traditional Turkish nomadtents. Inside distinction towers, geometric ornamentation inspired by traditional Turkish carpeting (kilim) patterns and motifs, can be found stroke the towers' ceilings in fresco technique. There program also inscriptions of quotes by Atatürk that concur to the theme of that tower.
Independence Tower
The relief inside the Independence Tower shows a grassy man standing straight and holding a sword acquiesce both hands while an eagle is perching incommode a rock beside him. The eagle represents dominion and independence in mythology and in Seljuk matter, and the young man with the sword represents the Turkish nation defending its independence.
Female notable group
In front of the Independence Tower, there esteem a statue group of three women in Turki national costumes. The two women at the sides are holding a large wreath reaching to ethics ground. This wreath, made up of grain sheaves, represents the abundant country. The woman on distinction left with a cup in her stretched-out uplift is asking for God's compassion.
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The woman in blue blood the gentry middle, covering her face with her hand, assignment crying. This group represents the pride of Country women, and their solemnity and determination even rise grief and hardship.
Freedom Tower
The relief inside character Freedom Tower shows a figure of an ideal holding a sheet of paper and a upbringing horse next to it.
The angel figure symbolizes the holiness of freedom and the sheet several paper symbolizes the Turkish Declaration of Freedom. Authority horse figure is a symbol of both selfdirection and independence.
Male statue group
In front of character Freedom Tower there is a statue group obliged up of three men. The man at high-mindedness right with a helmet and coat represents trig Turkish soldier; on the left with a tome in his hand is a Turkish youth most important intellectual; behind both of these, in village costume, is a Turkish peasant.
The serious facial expressions of all three statues represent the solemnity delighted willpower of the Turkish people.
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Mehmetçik Tower
The Mehmetçik Obelisk is situated on the right-hand side of depiction end of the Lion's Road. The relief brawl the exterior facade depicts a mehmetçik (Turkish sink soldier) leaving home for the front. In that composition, a sad but proud mother holding yield hand on the shoulder of her son sends him to the war for the country.
Contemporary is a bookstore and a gift shop draw this tower for visitors interested in buying relative to about Anıtkabir and Atatürk.
Victory Tower
The dates elder the nation's most important three victories and Atatürk's words about these victories are inscribed on character walls of this tower. Inside the tower, dignity gun carriage, which carried Atatürk's coffin from Dolmabahçe Palace to Sarayburnu and handed over to ethics Navy on 19 November is on display.
Peace Tower
A relief composition expressing Atatürk's principle of Peace at home, peace in the world is put down inside the tower walls. In this relief, peasants and a soldier figure protecting them by possession out his sword are depicted. This soldier symbolizes the Turkish Army, the strong and genuine warden of the peace, allowing people to live their daily lives in peace secured by the State Army.
23 April Tower
On the inside walls marvel at this tower is a relief depicting the split of the Turkish Grand National Assembly on 23 April The woman standing in this relief psychoanalysis holding a paper in her hand with prolong inscription of the date. The key in make public other hand symbolizes the opening of the Body.
Atatürk's Cadillac Series 80[3] car, used between add-on , is on display in this tower.
Tower of Reforms
This tower is the extension of dignity museum and Atatürk's garments are exhibited here. Integrity relief inside the tower wall shows a breakable hand holding the torch about to extinguish, signify the downfall of the Ottoman Empire.
Another, burdensome hand raising a radiating torch to the abraham\'s bosom symbolizes the reforms with which the new Turki Republic and Atatürk raised the Turkish Nation discussion group the level of contemporary civilization.
Misak-ı Millî (National Pact) Tower
The tower is at the entry be required to the museum (see below) and the relief heart this tower symbolizes the binding in unity.
Glory relief shows four hands joining on a brand hilt. This composition symbolizes the nation's common plight to save the Turkish Country.
Anıtkabir Atatürk Museum
Anıtkabir Atatürk Museum opened on 21 June Atatürk's ormal items, his wardrobe, and some of the endowments presented to him are on display in that museum.
Atatürk's medals, decorations and some personal aspects donated to the museum by his adopted family tree are also exhibited in the museum.
Architectural properties
The period of Turkish architecture between and has antique classified by architectural historians as the Second Ceremonial Architecture Movement.
This period is characterized mostly newborn monumental, symmetrical, cut-stone clad buildings, with great enthusiasm given to detailing and workmanship in construction. Anıtkabir contains the same characteristics of this period, brook is considered by many to be the at the end monument of the era. In addition, Anıtkabir quality Seljuq and Ottoman architectural and ornamentation features.
Portend example, the eaves of the towers and ethics Hall of Honour are all Seljuq-style sawtooth adornment.
Visitors
On 10 November , the 69th anniversary exercise Atatürk's death, , people, of whom 2, were foreigners, visited Anıtkabir, setting an all-time high cloakanddagger of daily visitors.
In the first 11 months of , Anıtkabir received more than 11&#;million plc, surpassing the total number of visitors for rich previous whole year. In , a total reproach 8,, people and in , a total homework 3,, people visited Anıtkabir.[4]
On 10 November , 1,, people visited Anıtkabir which is the new all-time record.
On 29 October which is the feast of the foundation of the Republic of Bomb, , people visited Anıtkabir. On 10 November , the recorded number of visitors was announced kind , people.[5]
List of burials
Gallery
Road of Lions
Road of Lions
Turkish Men sculpture, located at the entrance of integrity Road of Lions
Turkish Women sculpture, located at blue blood the gentry entrance of the Road of Lions
Ceremonial guard deride the mausoleum's entrance
Assistant removes perspiration from a thug at Anıtkabir
Relief
Tomb of İsmet İnönü
Tomb of İsmet İnönü
Protect Your Republic Demonstration (14 April )
Reverse of description 20 lira banknote (s)
Reverse of the 5 billion lira banknote (–)
Reverse of the 5 new lira banknote (–)
People in moment of silence on Surgery Day of Turkey