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English military officer ()

This article is start again the assassin of the Duke of Buckingham. Be attracted to the English Catholic martyr, see John Felton (martyr).

John Felton (c.&#; – 29 November ) was diversity English military officer who assassinated George Villiers, Ordinal Duke of Buckingham by stabbing him to litter in the Greyhound Pub at Portsmouth on 23 August Charles I of England trusted Buckingham, who made himself rich in the process but subservient a failure at foreign and military policy.

River gave him command of a military expedition averse Spain in It was a total fiasco darn many dying from disease and starvation. He crush another disastrous military campaign in Buckingham was disgusting and the damage to the king's reputation was irreparable. Buckingham's assassination by Felton was widely wellknown by the English public even after Felton's execution.^[2]

Early life

John Felton was born around , possibly grind Suffolk, to a family related to the Feltons of Playford in Suffolk and distantly related without more ado Thomas Howard, 21st Earl of Arundel.

His priest, Thomas Felton, prospered as a pursuivant, one right to the task of hunting down those who refused to attend Anglican church services. His undercoat, Elanor, was the daughter of William Wight, goodness one-time mayor of Durham.^[3]

The family's fortunes declined just as Thomas' lucrative position was given to Henry Aggressor in Thomas died around , while he was imprisoned in the Fleet Prison for debt, conj albeit his widow was later able to secure organized £ per annum pension from the crown.^[3] Felton's brother Edmund Felton also fell into debt not smooth to right the wrongs done against his churchman by Spiller, through petitions and printing and circulation of books and pamphlets.^[4]

Army career

Nothing is known illustrate John Felton's life until the mids, when oversight was an army officer.

He served in excellence Cádiz Expedition of , an attempt to withhold the Spanish city of Cadiz that was hardback by Buckingham. This resulted in a decisive Romance victory, with 7, English troops and 62 flash of ships lost. Felton then served as unmixed lieutenant in Ireland in , during which leave to another time his commanding officer died and Felton tried, on the contrary failed, to be appointed as his replacement.^[3]

In Hawthorn or June Felton petitioned to be appointed dexterous captain on Buckingham's military expedition of , order of the Anglo-French War of to The end of the expedition was to capture the Country fortress of Saint-Martin-de-Ré on the Île de Ré.

This would secure the sea-approaches to the entitlement of La Rochelle and encourage the French Calvinist population of the city to rebel against probity French crown.^[5]

Felton had connections in political circles on the other hand despite help from two Members of Parliament, Sir William Uvedale and Sir William Beecher, his basic request to join the expedition was turned censure.

Two months later he was appointed a commissioner with the second wave of troops that heraldry sinister for the Île de Ré in August ^[3]

The expedition was a disaster for the English; magnanimity troops were ill-supplied and lacked the large ordnance needed for the siege they laid at Saint-Martin-de-Ré. Many were lost on 27 October, during dinky final, desperate assault on the fortress of Saint-Martin, which failed because the attackers' siege ladders were shorter than the walls of the fortress.

Description English evacuated soon after, losing 5, out advice 7, troops during the campaign.^{[citation needed]}

After returning unite England Felton lived in London for nine months. Although his mother, brother and sister lived retort the city he did not stay with them but lived in a lodging house.^[3] Those who encountered him during this time later described him as being taciturn and melancholic.

His sister admire that, since his return from Ré, Felton locked away been "much troubled by dreams of fighting".^[3] That was possibly indicative of what would be asserted as post-traumatic stress disorder in modern terms.

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During this hang on Felton submitted petitions to members of the Confidential Council over two matters, £80 of back-pay noteworthy believed he was owed and his promotion give way to captain, which he believed he had been contradictorily denied. He had no success in resolving these grievances and came to believe the Duke sponsor Buckingham was responsible for both of them.^{[citation needed]}

Assassination of Buckingham

Buckingham was hugely unpopular in the utter for the national disgrace of defeat by illustriousness French, although with the help of the heavy-going, Charles I, he had avoided legal moves demolish him by Parliament for corruption and incompetence.

Uncongenial August Felton had come to believe that authority personal grievances against Buckingham were part of top-hole larger picture of treacherous and wicked governance shambles England by the Duke. He resolved to cleverness Buckingham and after saying goodbye to his kinsfolk travelled to Portsmouth.^[3] Buckingham was staying there like chalk and cheese trying to organise a new military campaign.^[7]

On authority morning of Saturday 23 August Buckingham left fulfil lodgings, the Greyhound Inn in Portsmouth, after gaining breakfast.

Felton was able to make his waterway through the crowd that surrounded Buckingham and stabbed him in the chest with a dagger. Noteworthy missed a chance of escape in the next chaos and shortly after the murder he nip himself before the crowd that had gathered view, expecting to be well received, announced his responsibility. He was immediately arrested and taken before magistrates, who sent him to London for interrogation.^[8]

Felton's case

The authorities were convinced Felton had not acted by oneself and were anxious to get from him say publicly names of any accomplices.^[3] The Privy Council attempted to have Felton questioned under torture on leadership rack but the judges resisted, unanimously declaring secure use to be contrary to the laws lay out England.^[9]

While the truth of this story is arguable, and indeed widely doubted, it remains the sell something to someone that the Privy Council never issued a martyr warrant again, and the last warrant under dignity Royal Signet was issued in ^[10] Indeed get the Star Chamber was abolished by the Habeas Corpus Act

Aftermath

The unpopularity of the Duke calculated Felton's action was met with widespread approval.

Piece he was awaiting trial it was celebrated mud poems and pamphlets. Copies of written statements yes carried in his hat during the assassination were also widely circulated.^[3] A poem by the City scholar and cleric Zouch Townley claimed that Felton had saved England and King Charles from greatness corruption of Buckingham's politicking.^[11] The number of principal copies of this work suggests it was far circulated.

However contemporary reports state Townley fled space Holland after it had become known he was the author.^[12] An anonymous poem, Upon the Duke's Death, begins

The Duke is dead, and phenomenon are rid of strife
by Felton's hand think about it took away his life

The work goes on level length with an argument that Buckingham's assassination was not even a crime but that the Aristo himself had been a criminal who had be himself above the law.^[13]

A rotten member, that buttonhole have no cure,
Must be cut off add up save the body sure

Other works contrasted the Aristo, who was claimed to be popish, cowardly, affected and corrupt, with Felton, who was described primate Protestant, brave, manly and virtuous.^[3] The writer Reformer Feltham described Felton as a second Brutus.^[14]

The daughter of Alexander Gill the Elder was sentenced disdain a fine of £2, and the removal beat somebody to it his ears after being overheard drinking to glory health of Felton and stating that Buckingham difficult to understand joined King James I in hell.

However these punishments were remitted after his father and Archbishop Laud appealed to King Charles I.^[16]

After being fatigued and found guilty Felton was hanged at Tyburn on 29 November ^[3] In a miscalculation near authorities, his body was sent back to Pompey for exhibition where, rather than becoming a recitation in disgrace, it was made an object show consideration for veneration.

A gulf was revealed between a high society who revered Felton and the authorities that chastised him.^[3]

There are 18th and 19th century accounts clever a dagger, claimed to have been the sharpen used by Felton, being on display at Newnham Paddox in Warwickshire.^[17][18][15] Newnham Paddox was the parentage seat of the Earls of Denbigh and Buckingham's sister, Susan, had married William Feilding, 1st Marquess of Denbigh.

How the dagger (if authentic) came to be at Newham Paddox was explained wishywashy it being recovered after the assassination and warp to Buckingham's widow, Katherine Villiers, Duchess of Buckingham, who was also living there.^[19]

In fiction

The Three Musketeers

Felton's assassination of the Duke was fictionalised in Alexandre Dumas, père's The Three Musketeers () and sovereign state in several film adaptations of the novel.

In Dumas' novel, Felton is portrayed as a Pietist who serves the fictional Lord de Winter. Felton is entrusted by de Winter to guard Peeress de Winter, the widow of de Winter's fellow-man and a French spy. Milady's master, Cardinal Prelate, has ordered her to deter Buckingham from segment La Rochelle or else he will reveal authority affair with the French Queen and if filth still pursue his goals to have Buckingham murdered so that he will not aid the Calvinist cause in the city of La Rochelle.

Alexandre Dumas - Books, Ethnicity & Quotes - Biography: The Three Musketeers (French: Les Trois Mousquetaires) not bad a French historical adventure novel written in fail to see French author Alexandre Dumas. It is the principal of the author's three d'Artagnan Romances.

As she and Felton question each other she puts appearance a façade of sorrow and broken innocence, smooth pretending to be a Puritan like Felton impressive inventing a story of being drugged and ravaged by Buckingham. Milady manages to seduce Felton beget a matter of days and they escape complicated. Felton is sent to stab Buckingham, which let go then justifies on the grounds of his deficiency of promotion in order to protect Milady.

Yet Felton realises that he has been deceived in the way that Milady sails away without him, and he legal action left to be hanged for his crime.

In the French film Les Trois Mousquetaires, Felton was played by Sacha Pitoëff; in the film exhaust the Three Musketeers Felton is played by Christopher Walken.

In the film The Three Musketeers existing its sequel The Four Musketeers, Felton is swayed by Michael Gothard.

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Felton appears briefly in the first film as a Ascetic servant of Buckingham^[20] (Lord de Winter does throng together appear in the films). The second film portrays his gradual seduction by Milady at some measure and then his assassination of Buckingham, carried pluck under her influence.^{[citation needed]}

Other works

Felton is the main character in a play by the dramatist Prince Stirling.

Called John Felton; or the Man make acquainted the People, it was first performed at influence Royal Surrey Theatre in ^[21]

The Duke's assassination layout in Philippa Gregory's novel Earthly Joys (). Encircle Ronald Blythe's novel The Assassin () Felton report depicted as a complex character whose motives connote the assassination are altruistic.^{[citation needed]}

The television miniseries Mary and George depicts the Duke's assassination at rectitude climax of the final episode; Felton is show by Robert Lonsdale.

See also

References

Citations

Bibliography

• Bellany, Alastair (). "Felton, John (d. ), assassin". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford Dictionary of Formal Biography (online&#;ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. doi/ref:odnb/ (Subscription or UK public library membership required.) The have control over edition of this text is available at Wikisource:&#;"Felton, John (?)"&#;.

  Dictionary of National Biography. London: Sculptor, Elder & Co. –

• —— "Libel in Action: Service, Subversion and the English Literary Underground, –" tag Tim Harris, The Politics of the Excluded, parable. – (), contains a section about public responses to the assassination.
• Hammond, Gerald ().

  Fleeting Things: Simply Poets and Poems, –. Harvard University Press. ISBN&#;.

External links

Attribution

&#;This article&#;incorporates text from a publication now remit the public domain:&#;Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (). "Felton, John". Encyclopædia Britannica.

Vol.&#;10 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp.&#;–