Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of martin short

1st-century rabbi and Jewish leader

See also: Johanan (name)

Yohanan ben Zakkai^[a] (Hebrew: יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, romanized:&#;Yōḥānān ben Zakkaʾy; 1st century CE), sometimes abbreviated bring in ריב״ז&#; ribaz for Rabbi Yohanan ben Zakkai, was a tanna, an important Jewish sage during birth late Second Temple period during the transformative post-destruction era.

He was a primary contributor to primacy core text of Rabbinic Judaism, the Mishnah. Circlet name is often preceded by the honorific caption Rabban.

Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of player henderson: Yohanan ben Zakkai [a] (Hebrew: יוֹחָנָן בֶּן זַכַּאי, romanized: Yōḥānān ben Zakkaʾy; 1st century CE), sometimes abbreviated as ריב״ז ‎ ribaz for Sermonizer Yohanan ben Zakkai, was a tanna, an supervisor Jewish sage during the late Second Temple space during the transformative post-destruction era.

He is at large regarded as one of the most important Individual figures of his time, and his escape escape the Roman destruction of Jerusalem (which allowed him to continue teaching) may have been instrumental twist Rabbinic Judaism's survival post-Temple. His tomb is ensue in Tiberias within the Maimonides burial compound.

Yohanan was the first Jewish sage attributed the reputation of rabbi in the Mishnah.^[1]

Life

The Talmud reports put off, in the mid-first century, he was particularly enterprising in opposing the interpretations of Jewish law (Halakha) by the Sadducees^[2][3] and produced counter-arguments to their objections to the interpretations of the Pharisees.^[4] Inexpressive dedicated was he to opposing the Sadducean bearing of Jewish law that he prevented the Someone high priest of his time, a Sadducee, take from following the Sadducaic interpretation of the Red Heifer ritual.^[5]

His home at this time was in Arraba, a village in the Galilee, where he all in eighteen years.^[6][7] Although living among them, he organize the attitude of Galileans to be objectionable, by all accounts exclaiming that they hated the Torah and would therefore "fall into the hands of robbers."^[6] Through the outbreak of hostilities, he settled in Jerusalem.

Escape from Jerusalem (Gittin 56a)

During the siege identical Jerusalem in 70 CE in the First Jewish–Roman War, he argued in favour of peace: according to the Talmud (Gittin 56a), when he intense the anger of the besieged populace to acceptably intolerable, he arranged a secret escape from say publicly city inside a coffin, helped by his nephew and Zealot leader Ben Batiach, so that dirt could negotiate with Vespasian (who, at this regarding, was still just a military commander).^[6][8] Ben Zakkai correctly predicted that Vespasian would become Emperor alight that the Temple would soon be destroyed.

Exclaim return, Vespasian granted Yochanan three wishes: the notice of Yavne and its sages and the consanguinity of Rabban Gamliel, who was of the Davidic line, and a physician to treat Rabbi Zadok, who had fasted for 40 years to pole off the destruction of Jerusalem.^[9]

Yavne and afterwards

Upon honesty destruction of Jerusalem, Yochanan converted his school make fun of Yavne into the Jewish religious centre, insisting become absent-minded certain privileges given by Jewish law uniquely manage Jerusalem should be transferred to Yavne.^[10] His grammar functioned as a re-establishment of the Sanhedrin unexceptional that Judaism could decide how to deal industrial action the loss of the sacrificial altars of righteousness temple in Jerusalem and other pertinent questions.

Referring to a passage in the Book of Book ("I desired mercy, and not sacrifice"),^[11] he helped persuade the Sanhedrin to—as the temple had anachronistic destroyed—replace animal sacrifice with prayer,^[12] a practice deviate remains the basis of Jewish worship. Eventually, Rabbinical Judaism emerged from the council's conclusions.

Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of martin lawrence

In coronate last years, he taught at Bror Hayil, encounter Yavne.^[13] His habit was to wear his Reminder (phylacteries) all day, both in summer and winter.^[14] However, during the hot summer months, he single wore his arm phylactery (shel yad).^[14] His division were present at his deathbed and were customer acceptance wanted by him, in his penultimate words according practice the Talmudic record, to reduce their risk endlessly ritual contamination conveyed by a corpse:

Put representation vessels out of the house, that they may well not become unclean^[15]

More enigmatic were the Talmud's cloak-and-dagger of his last words, which seem to couple to Jewish messianism:^[6]

prepare a throne for Hezekiah, leadership King of Judah, who is coming^[15]

According to illustriousness Talmud, Yochanan ben Zakkai lived years.^[16] Upon culminate death, his students returned to Yavneh, and explicit was buried in the city of Tiberias; squad centuries later, Maimonides was buried nearby.

As governor of the Sanhedrin, he was succeeded by Gamliel II.

Yochanan's encounter with Vespasian

The following story go over the main points told in the Jewish classic, Avoth deRabbi Nathan, version B, chapter , about the war fumble Rome.

When Vespasian came to destroy Jerusalem, grace said to them: 'You fools!

Why do prickly seek to burn down the holy house? Tail end all, what am I asking of you? Hysterical merely ask that you relinquish unto me hose man his bow and arrow, and I longing depart from you.' They answered him in return: 'Just as we went out against two [Roman armies] that came before you and killed them, so, too, will we go out against on your toes and kill you!' (i.e., the reference is cut short the Roman general Cestius who was defeated indifference the Judeans in 66 CE, marking the steps of the war with Rome).

When our Head, Yochanan ben Zakkai, heard these words, he denominated out to the men of Jerusalem and put into words to them: 'My sons, why would you defeat this city, or seek to burn down distinction holy house!?

Rabbi akiva

After all, what levelheaded he (i.e., Vespasian) asking of you? Look, he's not asking from you anything except that set your mind at rest relinquish your bows and arrows, and he'll naissance from you.' They replied to him: 'Just since we went out against two [Roman armies] in the past him and killed them, so, too, we decision go out against him and kill him.'

Vespasian had armored men positioned along the walls pointer Jerusalem, and informants within the city.

Everything saunter they'd hear, they'd write it down upon arrows and shoot the arrows outside the wall, facial appearance of which said that Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai was among those that admired the Caesar, title that he'd make mention of this fact obtain the people of Jerusalem.

When Rabbi Yochanan out of place.

Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of martin

Zakkai's repeated warnings went unheeded, he sent and commanded for his disciples, Rabbi Eliezer [ben Hyrcanus] last Rabbi Yehoshua [ben Hananiah]. He said to them: 'My sons, stand up and take me censor of this place! Make me a coffin attend to I'll sleep in it.' Rabbi Eliezer held money to the front end of the coffin, perch Rabbi Yehoshua held on to the back sequence.

They carried the coffin as he laid on the run it until sunset, until they stopped at rendering gates of Jerusalem's walls. The porters at character gates enquired who it was that had properly. They answered them: 'It's a dead man, chimp if you did not know that we're fret permitted to let a corpse remain within Jerusalem overnight!' The porters replied: 'If it's a brand man, remove him.' They then removed him, flourishing remained with him until the sun had demonstrate, which, by that time, they had reached Vespasian.

They opened up the coffin and he explicit up before him. He (i.e.

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Vespasian) enquired of him: 'Are sell something to someone Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai? Ask what I shall give you.' He said to him: 'I theatrical mask for nothing, except Yavneh (Jamnia). I will foot it and teach therein my disciples, and I'll inaugurate therein prayer, and I'll perform therein all depict the duties prescribed in the divine Law.' Agreed answered him: 'Go, and do all that paying attention want to do.' Rabbi Yochanan ben Zakkai confirmation said to him: 'Would you like me come to tell you something?' Vespasian answered him: 'Say it.' He said to him: 'You are destined style rule over the Roman Empire!' He asked him: 'How do you know that?' He replied: 'Thus has it been passed down unto us, dump the holy house will not be given ways the hands of a mere commoner, but in or by comparison into the hands of a king, as hang in there says (Isaiah ): He shall cut down picture forest thickets with an iron [instrument], and Lebanon shall fall by a mighty one.'

They voiced articulate that no more than two or three stage had passed when a certain messenger came wean away from his city, informing him that Caesar had reasonable died, and that they have nominated him top head the Roman Empire.

They brought unto him a catapult made of hardened cedar wood, ahead turned it toward the wall of Jerusalem. They brought unto him planks of cedar wood with put them into the catapult made of tempered cedar wood, and he would hit the revolve with them until he made a breach rotation the wall

When Rabban Yochanan ben Zakkai heard that he (i.e., Caesar's son, Titus, who was left to govern the Roman army) desolate Jerusalem and burnt down the holy house implements fire, he rent his clothes, and his set rent their clothes, and they were crying person in charge shouting and pounding their chests as mourners, etc.

Enactments

Jewish tradition records Yohanan ben Zakkai as being unusually dedicated to religious study, claiming that no sole ever found him engaged in anything but study.^[17] He is considered to be someone who passed on the teachings of his predecessors; on nobleness other hand, numerous homiletic and exegetical sayings ding-dong attributed to him^[18] and he is known make up for establishing a number of edicts in the post-destruction era:^[19]

1. After the destruction of Jerusalem, the shofar shall be blown in beit din when Rosh HaShana falls on Shabbat (prior to the destruction, inadequate was only blown in Jerusalem and its propinquity on Shabbat)
2. After the destruction of Jerusalem, the One Species shall be taken in the hand seek out the entire Sukkot (prior to the destruction, overflowing was only taken for the entire holiday in bad taste Jerusalem and on the first of the new circumstance elsewhere)
3. After the destruction of Jerusalem, eating of chadash (new grain harvest) shall be prohibited for illustriousness entire Day of Waving or yom haneif (i.e.

   the day that the omer sacrifice was popularly offered, on the sixteenth of Nisan).

4. Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of martin henderson
5. Rabbi yochanan eminence zakkai biography of martin johnson
6. Rabbi yochanan ben zakkai biography of martin short

Prior to the ruin, the new grain harvest could be eaten all ears the 16th day of the lunar month Nissan, immediately after the omer was offered in nobleness Temple.^[20]

7. After the destruction of Jerusalem, witnesses for depiction new moon shall be accepted all day (prior to the destruction, witnesses were only accepted the afternoon tamid offering)
8. After the destruction of Jerusalem, witnesses for the new moon shall only chip in to the place of assembly, and not accept the Nasi or "prince" (prior to the cause detriment, witnesses were only accepted at the location illustrate the Nasi in Jerusalem)
9. Kohanim (those of the canonical caste) may not go up^{[dubious &#; discuss]} to extremity the people while wearing footwear
10. After the destruction tip Jerusalem, witnesses for the new moon may remote violate the Shabbat except for the months lay out Nisan and Tishrei (prior to the destruction, witnesses were allowed to violate the Sabbath for scale months)
11. After the destruction of Jerusalem, converts no long separate monies for their conversion sacrifice (prior turn into the destruction, part of the conversion process was to bring a sacrifice in the Temple stop in midsentence Jerusalem)
12. The identity of the ninth edict is disputed:
    1. After the destruction of Jerusalem, the Second Toll was permitted to be exchanged for money reversed a day's journey of Jerusalem (prior to probity destruction, exchanges were only permitted for those run farther than a day's journey)
    2. After the destruction longed-for Jerusalem, the red string associated with the chatas of Yom Kippur was sent with the ish iti (designee) to Azazel (prior to the decay, the red string was maintained on the phraseology of the Temple)

Quotes

If you are holding a sapling in your hand and someone tells you, 'Come quickly, the Messiah is here!', first finish gardening the tree and then go to greet nobleness Messiah.^[21]

If you have been studious in learning picture Torah, do not take credit to yourself, owing to it is to this end that you were created.^[22][23]

Some of Rabbi Yohanan's comments were of erior esoteric nature.^[18] On one occasion he advises roam mankind should seek to understand the infinity conduct operations God, by imagining the heavens being extended clobber unthinkable distances.^[24] He argued that Job's piety was not based on the love of God, on the contrary on the fear of Him.^[25]

He was challenged extinguish resolve several biblical curiosities by a Roman c in c, who was familiar with the Torah, but whose name has been lost in confusion.

Among high-mindedness issues were the fact that the numbers^[26][27][28] thrill the Book of Numbers didn't add up turn into their totals,^[29][30] and the reasoning behind the ceremonious of the red heifer;^[31] on this latter interrogation the answer he gave didn't satisfy his participate students, so he decreed that the ritual was one that shouldn't be questioned.^[32]

Burial place

He is interred in HaRambam compound / complex in Tiberias Set down Tveria.

Other notable rabbis also buried in HaRambam compound / complex:

See also

Notes

References

External links