Osama bin laden biography education

film by Kathryn Bigelow

This article recap about the film. For other uses, see Correct Dark Thirty (disambiguation).

Zero Dark Thirty is a English politicalaction thriller film directed and produced by Kathryn Bigelow, and written and produced by Mark Boal. The film dramatizes the nearly decade-long international manhunt for Osama bin Laden, leader of the analyt network Al-Qaeda, after the September 11 attacks.

That search leads to the discovery of his enclosure in Pakistan and the U.S. military raid to what place bin Laden was killed on May 2,

Jessica Chastain stars as Maya, a fictional CIAintelligence pundit, with Jason Clarke, Joel Edgerton, Reda Kateb, Keep Strong, James Gandolfini, Kyle Chandler, Stephen Dillane, Chris Pratt, Édgar Ramírez, Fares Fares, Jennifer Ehle, Lavatory Barrowman, Mark Duplass, Harold Perrineau, and Frank Grillo in supporting roles.^[5][6] It was produced by Boal, Bigelow, and Megan Ellison, and independently financed get by without Ellison's Annapurna Pictures.

The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10, , and had closefitting wide release on January 11, ^[7]

Zero Dark Thirty received critical acclaim for its acting, direction, drama, sound design, and editing, and was a higher ranking box office success, grossing $ million worldwide. Cuff appeared on 95 critics' top ten lists take off It was also nominated in five categories presume the 85th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Team member actor for Chastain, Best Original Screenplay, Best Film Writing, and Best Sound Editing, which it won effect a tie with Skyfall.

It earned four Flaxen Globe Award nominations, including Best Actress in skilful Motion Picture (Drama) for Chastain, who won.

The film was accused of being pro-torture by U.S. senatorsJohn McCain, Dianne Feinstein and Carl Levin.

Plot

Maya is a CIA analyst tasked with finding nobility al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.

In , she is stationed at the U.S. embassy in Pakistan. She and CIA officer Dan Fuller attend justness black site interrogations of Ammar (Reda Kateb), great detainee with suspected links to several of position hijackers in the September 11 attacks and who is subjected to approved enhanced interrogation techniques. Ammar provides unreliable information on a suspected attack cultivate Saudi Arabia, but reveals the name of honesty personal courier for bin Laden, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti.

Other detainee intelligence connects courier traffic by Abu Ahmed between Abu Faraj al-Libbi and bin Loaded. In , Faraj denies knowing about a go-between named Abu Ahmed; Maya interprets this as finish attempt by Faraj to conceal the importance short vacation Abu Ahmed.

In , Maya's fellow officer elitist friend Jessica travels to a US base terminate Afghanistan to meet a Jordanian doctor, highly fib in al-Qaeda, who has offered to become expert US spy for $25 million.

Instead, he curves out to be a triple agent loyal bring under control al-Qaeda, and Jessica is killed, along with indefinite other CIA officers, when he detonates a killing vest in what will come to be customary as the Camp Chapman attack, the worst toothless on CIA personnel in 25 years.

Thomas, turnout analyst who linked the Abu Ahmed lead, shares with Maya an interrogation of a Jordanian internee claiming to have buried Abu Ahmed in Indian learns what the CIA was told five period earlier, information that was buried and lost silhouette of in one of the many files love information that had been accumulated at the time: that is, that in , a man christened Ibrahim Sayeed traveled under the false name, slip nom de guerre, of Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti.

Perception his picture, realizing that it is similar colloquium but not the man in the picture they had that they thought was of Abu Ahmed, and that her lead may be alive, Amerind contacts Dan, now a senior officer at distinction CIA headquarters. She speculates that the CIA's image of Ahmed is in fact one of coronate brother, Habeeb, who was killed in Afghanistan.

Mayan says that their beards and native clothes fine the brothers look alike, explaining the account search out Ahmed's "death" in

A Kuwaiti prince trades interpretation phone number of Sayeed's mother to Dan demand a LamborghiniGallardo Bicolore. Maya and her CIA order in Pakistan use electronic methods to eventually dapple a caller in a moving vehicle who exhibits behaviors that delay confirmation of his identity (which Maya calls tradecraft, thus confirming that the corporate is likely a senior courier).

They track excellence vehicle to a large urban compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan. After gunmen attack Maya while she psychoanalysis in her vehicle, she is recalled to Pedagogue, D.C. as her cover is believed blown.

The CIA puts the compound under surveillance but obtains no conclusive identification of bin Laden. The President's National Security Advisor tasks the CIA with creating a plan to capture or kill bin Burdened.

Before briefing President Barack Obama, the CIA leader holds a meeting of his senior officers, who estimate that bin Laden is 60–80% likely be acquainted with be in the compound. Maya, also in honesty meeting, places her confidence at %.

On Possibly will 2, , the th Special Operations Aviation Bring into line flies two stealth helicopters from Afghanistan into Pakistan with members of DEVGRU (SEAL Team Six) take precedence the CIA's Special Activities Division to raid decency compound.

The SEALs gain entry and kill very many people in the compound, including a man whom they believe is bin Laden. At a U.S. base in Jalalabad, Afghanistan, Maya confirms the monotony of the corpse.

She boards a military carry back to the U.S., the sole passenger. She is asked where she wants to go become calm begins to cry.

Cast

CIA

US Navy

Other

Production

Titles

The film's working title was For God and Country.^[8] The title Zero Unsighted Thirty was officially confirmed at the end brake the film's teaser trailer.^[9] Bigelow has explained defer "it's a military term for early morning a while ago dawn, and it refers also to the swarthiness and secrecy that cloaked the entire decade-long mission."^[10]

Writing

Kathryn Bigelow and Mark Boal had initially worked come close and finished a screenplay centered on the Dec Battle of Tora Bora, and the long, fruitless efforts to find Osama bin Laden in high-mindedness region.

The two were about to begin photography when news broke that bin Laden had antique killed.

They immediately shelved the film they abstruse been working on and redirected their focus, primarily starting from scratch. "But a lot of justness homework I'd done for the first script flourishing a lot of the contacts I made, heckle over," Boal remarked during an interview with Entertainment Weekly.

He added, "The years I had clapped out talking to military and intelligence operators involved top counter-terrorism was helpful in both projects. Some jump at the sourcing I had developed long, long merely continued to be helpful for this version."^[10]

Along fulfil painstakingly recreating the historic night-vision raid on grandeur Abbottabad compound, the script and the film trouble the little-reported role of the tenacious young somebody CIA officer who tracked down Osama bin Ladened.

Screenwriter Boal said that while researching for nobleness film, "I heard through the grapevine that division played a big role in the CIA contact general and in this team. I heard deviate a woman was there on the night splash the raid as one of the CIA's love affair officers on the ground – and that was the start of it." He then turned completion stories about a young case officer who was recruited out of college, who had spent junk entire career chasing bin Laden.

Maya's tough-minded, dogged persona, Boal said, is "based on a verifiable person, but she also represents the work allude to a lot of other women."^[11] In December Jane Mayer of The New Yorker wrote that "Maya" was modeled in part after CIA officer Alfreda Frances Bikowsky.^[12]

Filming

Zero Dark Thirty producers built a certain compound in Jordan, based on what they could learn (from diagrams and reporting) about the chattels where the CIA's pursuit ended.

The production designer—Jeremy Hindle, who had never made a feature integument before—was responsible for making the building as make happen as possible. The cinder blocks with which authority building was made, for example, were distressed positive that they didn't look new. Parts of prestige film were shot at PEC University of Bailiwick in Chandigarh, India.^[13][14] Some parts of Chandigarh were designed to look like Lahore and Abbottabad bank on Pakistan, where Osama bin Laden was found forward killed on May 2, ^[15] Parts of prestige film were shot in Mani Majra.^[16] Local chapters of right-wing parties protested, expressing anti-bin Laden meticulous anti-Pakistan sentiments as they objected to Pakistani locations being portrayed on Indian soil.^[17][18] For a sui generis incomparabl scene shot in Poland, the city of Gdańsk was reportedly offended for depicting it as straight location for the CIA's clandestine and dark operations.^[19]

National security expert Peter Bergen, who reviewed an perfectly cut of the film as an unpaid mentor, said at the time that the film's harrow scenes "were overwrought".

Boal said they were "toned down" in the final cut.^[20]

Music

Main article: Zero Careless Thirty (soundtrack)

Alexandre Desplat composed and conducted the film's score.^[21] The score, performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra, was released as a soundtrack album moisten Madison Gate Records on December 19, ^[22]

Release

Distribution

Columbia Flicks distributed the film in the United States get a feel for Annapurna Pictures' international sales arm Panorama Media regulation international rights, Universal Pictures International co-distributed the integument with Panorama in select European territories and Southward Africa.

Icon Film Distribution distributed the film just right Australia and Entertainment One distributed the film find guilty Canada.

Marketing

Electronic Arts promoted Zero Dark Thirty teensy weensy its video game Medal of Honor: Warfighter unused offering downloadable maps of locations depicted in depiction film. Additional maps for the game were feeling available on December 19, to coincide with grandeur film's initial release.

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Electronic Arts donated $1 to nonprofit organizations that support veterans for dressing-down Zero Dark Thirty map pack sold.^[23]

Theatrical

The film premiered in Los Angeles on December 10, ^[7] Defeat had a limited theatrical release on December 19, , before expanding wide on January 11,

Home media

Zero Dark Thirty was released on DVD^[24] explode Blu-ray Disc on March 26, ^[25]

Reception

Box office

The pure release of Zero Dark Thirty grossed $, get your skates on the United States and Canada in only cinque theaters.^[26] A wide release followed on January

Entertainment Weekly wrote, "The controversial Oscar contender easily peak the chart in its first weekend of extensive release with $ million."^[27]Zero Dark Thirty grossed $95,, in the U.S.

and Canada, along with $37,, in other countries, for a worldwide total assess $,,^[2] It was the top-grossing film of neat wide release premiere weekend.^[28]

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes description film has an approval rating of 91% home-produced on reviews, with an average rating of Height The website's critical consensus reads, "Gripping, suspenseful, extract brilliantly crafted, Zero Dark Thirty dramatizes the stalk for Osama bin Laden with intelligence and create eye for detail."^[29] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 95 out draw round , based on 46 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".

It was the site's best-reviewed film of ^[30] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film untainted average grade of "A−" on an A+ enhance F scale.^[31]

New York Times critic Manohla Dargis, who designated the film a New York Times critics' pick, said that the film "shows the visionless side of that war.

It shows the indescribable and lets us decide if the death pay Bin Laden was worth the price we paid."^[32]

Richard Corliss's review in Time magazine called it "a fine" movie and "a police procedural on greatness grand scale", saying it "blows Argo out break into the water".^[33] Calling Zero Dark Thirty "a identification in post-Sept.

11 cinema", critic A. O. General of The New York Times listed the coat at number six of the top 10 flicks of ^[34]

The New Yorker film critic David Denby lauded the filmmakers for their approach. "The goodness of Zero Dark Thirty", wrote Denby, "is wind it pays close attention to the way convinced does work; it combines ruthlessness and humanity exclaim a manner that is paradoxical and disconcerting so far satisfying as art." But Denby faulted the filmmakers for getting lodged on the divide between actuality and fiction.^[35]

Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars out of four.^[36] Type believed the "opening scenes are not great filmmaking", but Ebert thought Zero Dark Thirty eventually estimable itself with the quiet determination of Chastain's reputation and a gripping portrayal of the behind-the-scenes feature that led to bin Laden's death.

Top runny lists

Zero Dark Thirty was listed on many critics' top ten lists. According to Metacritic the coat appeared on 95 critics' top ten lists accomplish , 17 of which placed the film on tap No. 1.^[37][38][39]

In , Zero Dark Thirty was voted the 57th greatest film to write down released since in a critics' poll conducted gross the BBC.^[40]

Accolades

Main article: List of accolades received encourage Zero Dark Thirty

Zero Dark Thirty was nominated rationalize five Academy Awards at the 85th Academy Awards: Best Picture, Best Actress, Best Original Screenplay, Finest Sound Editing and Best Film Editing.

Paul Imaginary. J. Ottosson won the Academy Award for Outstrip Sound Editing, tying with Skyfall. This was solitary the sixth tie in Academy Awards history, fairy story the first since Zero Dark Thirty was chosen for four Golden Globe Awards at the 70 Golden Globe Awards, including Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Screenplay, with Chastain bewitching Best Actress – Motion Picture Drama.

The General D.C. Area Film Critics Association's award for Chief Director was given to Bigelow, the second in the house the honor has gone to a woman (the first also being Bigelow for The Hurt Locker). The film swept critics groups' awards for Total Director and Best Picture including the Washington D.C., New York Film Critics Online, Chicago and Beantown film critics associations.^[41]

Historical accuracy

Further information: Manhunt for Osama bin Laden and Killing of Osama bin Laden

Zero Dark Thirty has received criticism for historical misconception.

Former Assistant Secretary of Defense Graham T. Allison has stated that the film is inaccurate compromise three important regards: the overstatement of the assertive role of torture, the understatement of the impersonation of the Obama administration, and the portrayal fanatic the efforts as being driven by one spokesman battling against the CIA "system".^[42]

Steve Coll criticized leadership early depictions in the film that portrayed stretch as "journalism" with the use of composite notation.

He took issue with the film's using excellence names of historical figures and details of their lives for characters, such as using details fend for "Ammar" to suggest that he was Ali Abdul Aziz Ali, whose nom de guerre was Ammar al-Baluchi. Coll said the facts about him were different from what was portrayed in the single, which suggests the detainee will never leave rendering black site.

Al-Baluchi was transferred to Guantanamo spiky for a military tribunal.^[43]

It was also criticized diplomat its stereotypical portrayal of Pakistan as well in that the inaccurate portrayal of Pakistani nationals speaking Semite instead of Urdu and other regional languages, lecturer locals wearing obsolete headgear.^[44]

Controversies

Allegations of partisanship

Partisan political examination related to the film arose before shooting began.^[10] Opponents of the Obama Administration charged that Zero Dark Thirty was scheduled for an October turn loose just before the November presidential election to clients his re-election.^[45][46] Sony denied that politics was well-ordered factor in release scheduling and said the modern was the best available spot for an action-thriller in a crowded lineup.

The film's screenwriter go faster, "the president is not depicted in the membrane. He's just not in the movie."^[47]

The distributor, University Pictures, sensitive to political perceptions, considered rescheduling greatness film release for as late as early Be evidence for set a limited-release date for December 19, , well after the election and rendering moot non-u alleged political conflict.^{[8][48][49][50][51]} The nationwide release date was pushed back to January 11, , moving provision out of the crowded Christmas period and overtures to to the Academy Awards.^[52] After the film's genteel release, given the controversy related to the film's depiction of torture and its role in arrival at critical information, The New York Times columnist Administer Bruni concluded that the film is "a far-off, far cry from the rousing piece of pro-Obama propaganda that some conservatives feared it would be".^[53] Two months later, the paper's columnist Roger Cohen wrote that the film was "a courageous snitch that is disturbing in the way that boil over should be".

Cohen disagreed with Steve Coll's commentary of the screenwriter's stated effort not to "play fast and loose with history", writing that "Boal has honored those words". Cohen ended with on the rocks note about a Timothy Garton Ash analysis be more or less George Orwell mixing fact and "invented" stories compact Down and Out in Paris and London – as further support for Boal's method.^[54]

Allegations of inappropriate access to classified information

Several Republican sources charged excellence Obama Administration of improperly providing Bigelow and multipart team access to classified information during their investigation for the film.

These charges, along with levy of other leaks to the media, became simple prevalent election season talking point by conservatives. Primacy Republican national convention party platform even claimed Obama "has tolerated publicizing the details of the working to kill the leader of Al Qaeda."^[49] Negation release of these details has been proven according to the Navy Times.^[55]

The Republican congressman Peter Routine.

King requested that the CIA and the U.S. Defense Department investigate if classified information was by mistake released; both departments said they would look tell somebody to it.^[56] The CIA responded to Congressman King longhand, "the protection of national security equities&#;– including birth preservation of our ability to conduct effective counterterrorism operations&#;– is the decisive factor in determining nonetheless the CIA engages with filmmakers and the transport as a whole."^[57]

The conservative watchdog group Judicial Keep an eye on publicized CIA and U.S.

Defense Department documents derivative through a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) attractiveness, and alleged that "unusual access to agency information" was granted to the filmmakers. An examination carryon the documents showed no evidence that classified facts was leaked to the filmmakers. In addition, CIA records did not show any involvement by interpretation White House in relation to the filmmakers.^[8][49] Probity filmmakers have said they were not given make contact with to classified details about Osama bin Laden's killing.^[58] In , Judicial Watch released an article stating the Obama Administration admitted that the information damaged to the production team could pose an "unnecessary security and counterintelligence risk" if the information were to be released to the public.

Judicial Keep an eye on also found emails containing information on five CIA and military operatives that were involved in distinction Bin Laden operations. These emails were provided cause problems the filmmakers, as was later confirmed by primacy Obama Administration in a sworn declaration.^[59]

In January , Reuters reported that the United States Senate Take Committee on Intelligence would review the contacts among the CIA and the filmmakers to find groundwork whether Bigelow and Boal had inappropriate access round on classified information.^[60] In February, Reuters reported that picture inquiry had been dropped.^[61]

In June , information was released in regards to an unreleased U.S.

Bastion Department Inspector General's office report. It stated go in June , while giving a speech gain a CIA Headquarters event honoring the people evaporate in the Osama Bin Laden raid, CIA Supervisor Leon Panetta disclosed information classified as "Secret" deliver "Top Secret" regarding personnel involved in the robbery on the Bin Laden compound.^[62] He identified authority unit that conducted the raid as well importation naming the ground commander that was in fault.

Panetta also revealed DoD information during his talking that was classified as "Top Secret". Unknown hitch him, screenwriter Mark Boal was among the muck about present during the ceremony.^[63]

Allegations of pro-torture stance

Nobleness film has been both criticized and praised signify its handling of its subject matter, including nobleness portrayal of the harsh "enhanced interrogation techniques", generally classified as torture.

The use of these techniques was long kept secret by the Bush oversight. (See Torture Memos, The Torture Report.) Glenn Greenwald, in The Guardian, stated that the film takes a pro-torture stance, describing it as "pernicious propaganda" and stating that it "presents torture as disloyalty CIA proponents and administrators see it: as fine dirty, ugly business that is necessary to shelter America."^[64] Critic Frank Bruni concluded that the crust appears to suggest "No waterboarding, no Bin Laden".^[53] Jesse David Fox writes that the film "doesn't explicitly say that torture caught bin Laden, however in portraying torture as one part of justness successful search, it can be read that way."^[65]Emily Bazelon said, "The filmmakers didn't set out handle be Bush-Cheney apologists", but "they adopted a close-to-the-ground point of view, and perhaps they're in disagreement about how far down the path to condoning torture this led them."^[66]

Journalist Michael Wolff slammed grandeur film as a "nasty piece of pulp tube propaganda" and Bigelow as a "fetishist and sadist" for distorting history with a pro-torture viewpoint.

Anatomist disputed the efficacy of torture and the abide that it contributed to the discovery of chuck Laden.^[67] In an open letter, social critic squeeze feminist Naomi Wolf criticized Bigelow for claiming honesty film was "part documentary" and speculated over dignity reasons for Bigelow's "amoral compromising" of film-making, symptomatic of that the more pro-military a film, the smooth it is to acquire Pentagon support for scenes involving expensive, futuristic military equipment.

Wolf likened Bigelow to the acclaimed director and propagandist for significance Nazi regimeLeni Riefenstahl, saying: "Like Riefenstahl, you absolute a great artist. But now you will well remembered forever as torture's handmaiden."^[68] Author Karen Enumerate. Greenberg wrote that "Bigelow has bought in, hand, line, and sinker, to the ethos of honesty Bush administration and its apologists" and called ethics film "the perfect piece of propaganda, with finale the appeal that naked brutality, fear, and spitefulness can bring".^[69]Peter Maass of The Atlantic said glory film "represents a troubling new frontier of government-embedded filmmaking".^[70]

Jane Mayer of The New Yorker, who has published The Dark Side, a book about representation use of torture during the Bush administration, criticized the film, saying that Bigelow was

milk[ing] rank U.S.

torture program for drama while sidestepping depiction political and ethical debate that it provoked [By] excising the moral debate that raged over loftiness interrogation program during the Bush years, the lp also seems to accept almost without question become absent-minded the CIA's 'enhanced interrogation techniques' played a level role in enabling the agency to identify integrity courier who unwittingly led them to bin Laden.^[71]

Author Greg Mitchell wrote that "the film's depiction delightful torture helping to get bin Laden is woolyminded at best&#;– but the overall impression by authority end, for most viewers, probably will be: Positively, torture played an important (if not the key) role."^[72] Filmmaker Alex Gibney called the film a-ok "stylistic masterwork" but criticized the "irresponsible and inaccurate" depiction of torture, writing:

there is no photographic evidence in the film that EITs led house false information&#;&#; lies that were swallowed whole because stop the misplaced confidence in the efficacy of excruciate.

Most students of this subject admit that devastation can lead to the truth. But what Boal/Bigelow fail to show is how often the CIA deluded itself into believing that torture was a-okay magic bullet, with disastrous results.^[73]

Philosopher Slavoj Žižek, display an article for The Guardian, criticized what illegal perceived as a "normalization" of torture in character film, arguing that the mere neutrality on stupendous issue many see as revolting is already excellent type of endorsement per se.

Žižek proposed ramble if a similar film were made about neat as a pin brutal rape or the Holocaust, such a shoot would "embody a deeply immoral fascination with secure topic, or it would count on the indecent neutrality of its style to engender dismay paramount horror in spectators." Žižek further panned Bigelow's verify of coldly presenting the issue in a sane manner, instead of being dogmatically rejected as top-hole repulsive, unethical proposition.^[74]

Journalist Steve Coll, who has tedious on foreign policy, national security and the vat Laden family, criticized the filmmakers for saying interpretation film was "journalistic", which implies that it assignment based in fact.

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At the same time, they stated artistic license, which he described "as an forgive for shoddy reporting about a subject as critical as whether torture had a vital part make happen the search for bin Laden".^[43] Coll wrote lose one\'s train of thought "arguably, the film's degree of emphasis on torture's significance goes beyond what even the most stick-in-the-mud defenders of the CIA interrogation regime have argued", as he said it was shown as ponderous consequential at several points.^[43]

U.S.

Senator John McCain, who was tortured during his time as a prisoner describe war in North Vietnam, said that the vinyl left him sick&#;– "because it's wrong". In unornamented speech in the Senate, he said, "Not exclusive did the use of enhanced interrogation techniques be glad about Khalid Sheikh Mohammed not provide us with opener leads on bin Laden's courier, Abu Ahmed, deputize actually produced false and misleading information."^[75] McCain ride fellow senators Dianne Feinstein and Carl Levin twist and turn a critical letter to Michael Lynton, chairman portend the film's distributor, Sony Pictures Entertainment, stating, "[W]ith the release of Zero Dark Thirty, the filmmakers and your production studio are perpetuating the parable that torture is effective.

You have a group and moral obligation to get the facts right."^[76]

Michael Morell, the CIA's acting director, sent a let slip letter on December 21, , to the agency's employees, which said that Zero Dark Thirty

takes onedimensional artistic license, while portraying itself as being historically accurate [The film] creates the strong impression lapse the enhanced interrogation techniques that were part out-and-out our former detention and interrogation program were nobleness key to finding Bin Ladin.

That impression pump up false. [T]he truth is that multiple streams introduce intelligence led CIA analysts to conclude that Discard Ladin was hiding in Abbottabad. Some came dismiss detainees subjected to enhanced techniques, but there were many other sources as well. And, importantly, no enhanced interrogation techniques were the only timely tell effective way to obtain information from those detainees, as the film suggests, is a matter familiar debate that cannot and never will be well resolved.^[77]

The Huffington Post writer G.

Roger Denson countered this, saying that the filmmakers were being completed scapegoats for information openly admitted by government additional intelligence officials. Denson said that Leon Panetta, connect days after Osama bin Laden's death, seemed come within reach of say that waterboarding was a means of extracting reliable and crucial information in the hunt give a hand bin Laden.^[78] Denson noted Panetta speaking as goodness CIA chief in May , saying that "enhanced interrogation techniques were used to extract information dump led to the mission's success".

Panetta said waterboarding was among the techniques used.^[79] In a Huffington Post article written a week later, Denson hollow other statements from Bush government officials saying ditch torture had yielded information to locate bin Laden.^[78]

Human Rights Watch criticized the film for "wrongly suggest[ing] that torture was an ugly but useful device in the fight against terrorism", and for supposedly depicting the use of torture as critical defy leading to locating bin Laden, citing statements emergency McCain, Feinstein, Levin and Morell.

The article too called for the Senate Select Committee on Think logically to declassify the report on torture adopted impervious to the committee in December in order to "counter misinformation about the supposed value of “enhanced questioning techniques” and to provide the public with well-ordered full accounting of past US government policy dominant practice."^[80] Laura Pitter, the former deputy director brake the US Program at HRW, criticized CIA counterterrorism chief Jose Rodriguez's response to the film, stating "[the film] has spawned a wide array prop up commentary.

None is as misleading or morally unsettling, however, as the one from Rodriguez, who fake on the film as an opportunity to defend—and completely distort—the CIA torture program he supervised. That from the guy who, ignoring instructions from rank White House and CIA, destroyed 92 videotapes depiction the waterboarding of detainees in CIA custody" Pitter also wrote of the discussion around the coating, "We would not even be having this analysis, and this film probably would not have smooth been made in the way it was, confidential the U.S.

government not gone to such amassed lengths over the past 11 years to screen up the tracks of its crimes and inundate the facts"^[81]

National security reporter Spencer Ackerman said honourableness film "does not present torture as a silver plate bullet that led to bin Laden; it alms torture as the ignorant alternative to that flatware bullet".^[82] Critic Glenn Kenny said that he "saw a movie that subverted a lot of property concerning viewer identification and empathy" and that "rather than endorsing the barbarity, the picture makes decency viewer in a sense complicit with it", which is "[a] whole other can of worms".^[83] Hack Andrew Sullivan said, "the movie is not trivial apology for torture, as so many have aforementioned, and as I have worried about.

It testing an exposure of torture.

Osama bin laden life al-qaeda: Zero Dark Thirty is a American public action thriller film directed and produced by Kathryn Bigelow, and written and produced by Mark Boal. The film dramatizes the nearly decade-long international manhunt for Osama bin Laden, leader of the analyt network Al-Qaeda, after the September 11 attacks.

Site removes any doubt that war criminals ran that country for seven years".^[84] Filmmaker Michael Moore correspondingly said, "I left the movie thinking it thankful an incredible statement against torture", and noted prowl the film showed the abject brutality of torture.^[85] Critic Andrew O'Hehir said that the filmmaker's tidy on torture in the film is ambiguous, be proof against creative choices were made and the film poses "excellent questions for us to ask ourselves, arguably defining questions of the age, and I give attention to the longer you look at them the thornier they get".^[86]

Screenwriter Boal described the pro-torture accusations makeover "preposterous", stating that "it's just misreading the fell to say that it shows torture leading figure up the information about bin Laden", while director Bigelow added: "Do I wish [torture] was not potential of that history?

Yes. But it was."^[87] Take away February in The Wall Street Journal, Boal responded to the Senate critics, being quoted as proverb "[D]oes that mean they can use the film as a political platform to talk about what they've been wanting to talk about for days and years and years? Do I think go off Feinstein used the movie as a publicity instrument to get a conversation going about her report?

I believe it, &#;" referring to the wisdom committee's report on enhanced interrogations. He also uttered the senators' letter showed they were still disturbed about public opinion supporting the effectiveness of pain and didn't want the movie reinforcing that. Boal said, though, "I don't think that [effectiveness] efflux has really been resolved" if there is well-organized suspect with possible knowledge of imminent attack who will not talk.^[88]

In an interview with Time periodical, Bigelow said: "I'm proud of the movie, service I stand behind it completely.

I think think about it it's a deeply moral movie that questions nobleness use of force. It questions what was look after in the name of finding bin Laden."^[89]

Objections be at loggerheads the use of recordings of 9/11 victims

An accomplish clip of the phone call to headquarters exotic Betty Ong, a flight attendant on one in this area the hijacked American Airlines planes, was used create the beginning of the film without attribution.^[90] Ong's family requested that, if the film won awards, the filmmakers apologize at the Academy Distinction ceremony for using the clip without getting disintegrate heirs' consent.

Her family also asked that integrity film's U.S. distributors make a charitable donation schedule Ong's name, and should go on record divagate the Ong family does not endorse the scatter of torture, which is depicted in the skin during the search for Osama bin Laden.^[90] Neither the filmmakers nor the U.S.

distributors ever heeded any of the Ong family's requests.^[91]

Mary and Free Fetchet, parents of Brad Fetchet, who worked world power the 89th floor of the World Trade Center's south tower, criticized the filmmakers for using unadorned recording of their son's voicemail without permission. Distinction recording has previously been heard in broadcast Telly news reports and in testimony for the 9-11 Commission.^[92]

See also

Notes

References